Tiruneh Firew Tiyare
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2020 Sep 21;11:385-392. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S266063. eCollection 2020.
WHO has confirmed that COVID-19 disease is a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is caused by a new virus called SARS-CoV-2. Since, the pandemic was announced around 18,854,287 cases and 708,639 deaths were reported as of August 7, 2020. This review aimed to explore the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestation and complication. The phylogenetic study showed that SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is very contagious and has rapidly spread globally. Its unique structure called S glycoproteins help the virus enters in and cause infection in the body. Children's body reacts against SARS-CoV-2 infections through the involvement of innate and adaptive immune system. The clinical manifestation in children is not specific and not determined. However, fever and cough have mostly been profiled. Though the severe condition is rarely reported in children compared with adults, life-threatening complications, and death associated with COVID-19 disease have been documented. Underlying chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, and obesity significantly contribute to the complications.
世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日确认新型冠状病毒肺炎为大流行病。该疾病由一种名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的新型病毒引起。自宣布该大流行病以来，截至2020年8月7日，报告的病例约为18854287例，死亡708639例。本综述旨在探讨其病因、发病机制、表现及并发症。系统发育研究表明，SARS-CoV-2是一种单链RNA病毒。该病毒具有很强的传染性，已在全球迅速传播。其名为S糖蛋白的独特结构有助于病毒进入人体并引发感染。儿童机体通过固有免疫系统和适应性免疫系统对SARS-CoV-2感染作出反应。儿童的临床表现不具特异性且尚无定论。不过，发热和咳嗽最为常见。尽管与成人相比，儿童中严重病例较少见，但与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的危及生命的并发症和死亡已有记录。潜在的慢性肺部疾病、心血管疾病、免疫抑制和肥胖显著促成了并发症的发生。
