Luteberget Live Steinnes, Gilgien Matthias
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020 Aug 24;6(1):e000794. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000794. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and local positioning systems (LPS) are to date common tools to measure external training load in athletes. The aim of this scoping review was to map out and critically appraise the methods used to validate different GNSS and LPS used in team sports.
A total of 48 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The reference systems applied in the validations, and the parameters investigated were extracted from the studies.
The results show a substantial range of reference systems used to validate GNSS and LPS and a substantial number of investigated parameters. The majority of the validation studies have employed relatively simple field-based research designs, with use of measure tape/known distance as reference measure for distance. Timing gates and radar guns were frequently used as reference system for average and peak speed. Fewer studies have used reference system that allow for validation of instantaneous dynamic position, such as infrared camera-based motion capture systems.
Because most validation studies use simple and cost-effective reference systems which do not allow to quantify the exact path athletes travel and hence misjudge the true path length and speed, caution should be taken when interpreting the results of validation studies, especially when comparing results between studies. Studies validating instantaneous dynamic position-based measures is warranted, since they may have a wider application and enable comparisons both between studies and over time.
背景/目的：全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）和局部定位系统（LPS）是目前用于测量运动员外部训练负荷的常用工具。本综述的目的是梳理并批判性评价用于验证团队运动中不同GNSS和LPS的方法。
共有48项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入本综述。从这些研究中提取验证中应用的参考系统以及所研究的参数。
结果显示，用于验证GNSS和LPS的参考系统范围广泛，所研究的参数数量众多。大多数验证研究采用了相对简单的基于实地的研究设计，使用卷尺/已知距离作为距离的参考测量。计时门和雷达测速仪经常被用作平均速度和峰值速度的参考系统。较少有研究使用能够验证瞬时动态位置的参考系统，如基于红外摄像机的运动捕捉系统。
由于大多数验证研究使用的是简单且经济高效的参考系统，这些系统无法量化运动员实际行进的精确路径，从而误判真实路径长度和速度，因此在解释验证研究结果时应谨慎，尤其是在比较不同研究结果时。有必要开展验证基于瞬时动态位置测量的研究，因为它们可能具有更广泛的应用，并能够实现不同研究之间以及随时间的比较。
