Carrillo-Esper Raúl, Melgar-Bieberach Rebeca E, Tapia-Salazar Mauricio, Jacinto-Flores Sarahi A, Campa-Mendoza Ángela N, Pérez-Calatayud Ángel A, Porres-Aguilar Mateo, Carrillo-Córdova Jorge R, Bracho-Olvera Hazel R, Carrillo-Córdova Dulce M
Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México.
Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México.
Cir Cir. 2020;88(5):654-663. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.20000363.
The disease caused by a new coronavirus, which started in 2019, was named COVID-19 and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization. Although it is true that the first reports emphasized the respiratory manifestations of this disease as an initial clinical presentation, little by little cases with different initial manifestations began to appear, involving other systems. In cases where central nervous system involvement was identified, the most frequent findings were dizziness, headache, and alteration of alertness. Regarding the cardiovascular system, elevation of cardiac biomarkers and myocarditis are one of the most frequent findings. The main gastrointestinal symptoms described so far are: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and/or discomfort. Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication and a public health problem. Skin manifestations remain a field of investigation. Maculopapular rashes, reticular livedo, acral gangrene, among others, have been identified. Health personnel must be updated on new clinical findings and the forms of presentation of this partially known disease, which will make it possible to make more accurate and timely diagnoses, thus impacting the prognosis of these patients.
由一种新型冠状病毒引起的疾病始于2019年，被命名为COVID-19，并于2020年3月11日被世界卫生组织宣布为大流行病。虽然最初的报告确实强调了这种疾病的呼吸道表现为初始临床表现，但逐渐开始出现具有不同初始表现的病例，涉及其他系统。在确定有中枢神经系统受累的病例中，最常见的表现是头晕、头痛和意识改变。关于心血管系统，心脏生物标志物升高和心肌炎是最常见的表现之一。迄今为止描述的主要胃肠道症状有：厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛和/或不适。静脉血栓栓塞是一种常见的并发症和公共卫生问题。皮肤表现仍是一个研究领域。已发现斑丘疹、网状青斑、肢端坏疽等。卫生人员必须了解这种部分已知疾病的新临床发现和表现形式，这将有助于做出更准确和及时的诊断，从而影响这些患者的预后。
