Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Section for Ecosystem based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Glob Chang Biol. 2021 Jan;27(2):220-236. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15404. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio-temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate-driven ocean changes.
海洋生物群正在迅速重新分布，以应对气候变化和不断变化的海洋景观。虽然鱼类种群和群落结构的变化威胁到渔业的可持续性，但由于生物观测数据不连续、数据可用性不足以及数据与实际物种分布之间不匹配，我们通过跟踪和预测海洋物种来适应变化的能力仍然是一个挑战。为了评估这一挑战的程度，我们回顾了正在进行的科学底拖网调查的全球现状和可及性。总的来说，我们从 2001 年至 2019 年定期进行的 95 项调查中收集了 283925 个样本的元数据。我们发现，收集的元数据有 59%没有公开，这突出表明数据的可用性是评估全球气候变化下物种重新分布的最重要挑战。鉴于调查的主要目的是提供独立数据，以告知对商业上重要种群的资源评估，我们进一步强调，单一调查不能涵盖主要商业底栖鱼类物种的全部范围。平均需要 18 项调查才能覆盖至少 50%的物种范围，这表明结合多项调查来评估物种范围变化的重要性。我们评估了结合调查来跟踪跨界物种重新分布的潜力，并表明采样方案的差异和采样的不一致性可以通过时空建模来克服，以跟踪物种密度的重新分布。鉴于我们的全球评估，我们建立了一个框架，以改善跨界和洄游海洋底栖物种的管理和保护。我们提供了改善数据可用性的方向，并鼓励各国共享调查数据，以评估物种脆弱性，并在气候变化驱动的海洋变化时期支持管理适应。
