Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Lab. of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France.
Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
Cells. 2021 May 12;10(5):1181. doi: 10.3390/cells10051181.
The GH/IGF axis is a major regulator of bone formation and resorption and is essential to the achievement of normal skeleton growth and homeostasis. Beyond its key role in bone physiology, the GH/IGF axis has also major pleiotropic endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects on mineralized tissues throughout life. This article aims to review the literature on GH, IGFs, IGF binding proteins, and their respective receptors in dental tissues, both epithelium (enamel) and mesenchyme (dentin, pulp, and tooth-supporting periodontium). The present review re-examines and refines the expression of the elements of the GH/IGF axis in oral tissues and their in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action in different mineralizing cell types of the dento-alveolar complex including ameloblasts, odontoblasts, pulp cells, cementoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and jaw osteoblasts focusing on cell-specific activities. Together, these data emphasize the determinant role of the GH/IGF axis in physiological and pathological development, morphometry, and aging of the teeth, the periodontium, and oral bones in humans, rodents, and other vertebrates. These advancements in oral biology have elicited an enormous interest among investigators to translate the fundamental discoveries on the GH/IGF axis into innovative strategies for targeted oral tissue therapies with local treatments, associated or not with materials, for orthodontics and the repair and regeneration of the dento-alveolar complex and oral bones.
GH/IGF 轴是骨形成和吸收的主要调节剂，对于实现正常骨骼生长和稳态至关重要。除了在骨骼生理学中的关键作用外，GH/IGF 轴对整个生命周期中矿化组织的 GH、IGFs、IGF 结合蛋白及其各自的受体也具有主要的多效性内分泌和自分泌/旁分泌作用。本文旨在综述 GH、IGFs、IGF 结合蛋白及其各自的受体在牙组织（上皮[釉质]和间充质[牙本质、牙髓和牙齿支持牙周组织]）中的文献，重新审视和完善 GH/IGF 轴在口腔组织中的表达及其在不同矿化细胞类型（成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、牙髓细胞、牙骨质细胞、牙周膜细胞和颌骨成骨细胞）中的体内和体外作用机制，重点关注细胞特异性活性。这些数据共同强调了 GH/IGF 轴在牙齿、牙周组织和口腔骨骼的生理和病理发育、形态计量学和衰老中的决定作用，在人类、啮齿动物和其他脊椎动物中都是如此。这些口腔生物学的进展引起了研究人员的极大兴趣，他们希望将 GH/IGF 轴的基础发现转化为针对口腔组织的创新治疗策略，包括局部治疗，以及与材料相关或不相关的治疗，用于正畸以及牙本质-牙槽复合体和口腔骨骼的修复和再生。
