Shukla Awadhesh Kumar, Singh Amit Kishore
1Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, 224123, India; 2Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 812007, India.
Curr Genomics. 2020 Apr;21(3):161-167. doi: 10.2174/1389202921999200422122253.
Microorganisms that are capable of live and adapt in hostile habitats of different environmental factors such as extremes temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and pressure are known as extremophiles. Exposure to xenobiotic compounds is global concern influencing the world population as a health hazard. Hence their removal is warranted using biological means that is very sustainable, potentially cost-effective and eco-friendly. Due to adaptation in extreme environments and unique defense mechanisms, they are receiving more attention for the bioremediation of the xenobiotic compounds. They possess robust enzymatic and biocatalytic systems that make them suitable for the effective removal of pollutants from the contaminated environment. Additionally, the extremophiles act as microfactories having specific genetic and biotechnological potential for the production of biomolecules. This mini review will provide an overview of microbial degradation metabolic pathways for bioremediation along with the molecular and physiological properties of diverse extremophiles from variety of habitats. Furthermore, the factors affecting the bioremediation process is also summarized.
能够在不同环境因素（如极端温度、盐度、养分可用性和压力）的恶劣栖息地中生存和适应的微生物被称为极端微生物。接触外源化合物是一个全球关注的问题，它作为一种健康危害影响着世界人口。因此，有必要采用非常可持续、潜在成本效益高且环保的生物手段将其去除。由于在极端环境中的适应性和独特的防御机制，它们在生物修复外源化合物方面受到越来越多的关注。它们拥有强大的酶促和生物催化系统，使其适合从受污染环境中有效去除污染物。此外，极端微生物充当具有特定遗传和生物技术潜力的微型工厂，用于生产生物分子。这篇小型综述将概述生物修复的微生物降解代谢途径，以及来自各种栖息地的不同极端微生物的分子和生理特性。此外，还总结了影响生物修复过程的因素。
