Guan Vivienne X, Neale Elizabeth P, Tapsell Linda C, Probst Yasmine C
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Front Nutr. 2020 Sep 23;7:149. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00149. eCollection 2020.
Consumption of nuts has been associated with a range of favorable health outcomes. Evidence is now emerging to suggest that walnuts may also play an important role in supporting the consumption of a healthy dietary pattern. However, limited studies have explored how walnuts are eaten at different meal occasions. The aim of this study was to explore the food choices in relation to walnuts at meal occasions as reported by a sample of overweight and obese adult participants of weight loss clinical trials. Baseline usual food intake data were retrospectively pooled from four food-based clinical trials ( = 758). A nut-specific food composition database was applied to determine walnut consumption within the food intake data. The algorithm of association rules was used to identify food choices associated with walnuts at different meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. The proportion of participants who were consuming walnuts was 14.5% ( = 110). The median walnut intake was 5.14 (interquartile range, 1.10-11.45) g/d. A total of 128 food items containing walnuts were identified for walnut consumers. The proportion of participants who reported consuming unsalted raw walnut was 80.5% ( = 103). There were no identified patterns to food choices in relation to walnut at the breakfast, lunch, or dinner meal occasions. A total of 24 clusters of food choices related to walnuts were identified at others (meals). By applying a novel food composition database, the present study was able to map the precise combinations of foods associated with walnuts intakes at mealtimes using data mining. This study offers insights into the role of walnuts for the food choices of overweight adults and may support guidance and dietary behavior change strategies.
食用坚果与一系列良好的健康结果相关。现在有证据表明，核桃在支持健康饮食模式的摄入方面可能也发挥着重要作用。然而，仅有有限的研究探讨了在不同用餐场合核桃的食用方式。本研究的目的是探讨参与减肥临床试验的超重和肥胖成年受试者样本报告的与核桃相关的用餐时食物选择情况。回顾性汇总了四项基于食物的临床试验（n = 758）的基线日常食物摄入数据。应用特定坚果的食物成分数据库来确定食物摄入数据中的核桃消费量。使用关联规则算法，通过嵌套分层食物组分类系统，识别不同用餐场合与核桃相关的食物选择。食用核桃的参与者比例为14.5%（n = 110）。核桃摄入量的中位数为5.14（四分位间距，1.10 - 11.45）克/天。共为食用核桃者识别出128种含核桃的食物。报告食用无盐生核桃的参与者比例为80.5%（n = 103）。在早餐、午餐或晚餐用餐场合，未发现与核桃相关的食物选择模式。在其他（用餐）场合共识别出24组与核桃相关的食物选择。通过应用一个新颖的食物成分数据库，本研究能够利用数据挖掘绘制出用餐时与核桃摄入量相关的食物精确组合。本研究为核桃在超重成年人食物选择中的作用提供了见解，并可能为指导和饮食行为改变策略提供支持。
