Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Iran.
Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021;21(17):2327-2336. doi: 10.2174/1871520620666201020160348.
The resistance to therapy of cancer cells is a challenge for achieving an appropriate therapeutic outcome. Cancer (stem) cells possess several mechanisms for increasing their survival following exposure to toxic agents such as chemotherapy drugs, radiation, as well as immunotherapy. Evidences show that apoptosis plays a key role in the response of cancer (stem) cells and their multi-drug resistance. Modulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis can increase the efficiency of tumor response and amplify the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and also immunotherapy. To date, several agents, as adjuvant, have been proposed to overcome the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Natural products are interesting because of the low toxicity on normal tissues. Resveratrol is a natural herbal agent that has shown interesting anti-cancer properties. It has been shown to kill cancer cells selectively while protecting normal cells. Resveratrol can augment reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, thus increases the production of ceramide and the expression of apoptosis receptors, such as Fas Ligand (FasL). Resveratrol also triggers some pathways which induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. On the other hand, resveratrol has an inhibitory effect on antiapoptotic mediators, such as Nuclear Factor κ B (NF-κB), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Phosphatidylinositol 3- Kinase (PI3K), and mTOR. In this review, we explain the modulatory effects of resveratrol on apoptosis, which can augment the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy.
癌细胞的治疗抵抗是实现适当治疗效果的挑战。癌症（干）细胞具有多种机制，可以在暴露于化疗药物、辐射以及免疫疗法等毒性剂后增加其存活能力。有证据表明，细胞凋亡在癌症（干）细胞及其多药耐药性的反应中起关键作用。细胞凋亡的内在和外在途径的调节都可以提高肿瘤反应的效率，并放大放射治疗、化学治疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗的治疗效果。迄今为止，已经提出了几种作为辅助剂的药物来克服癌细胞对细胞凋亡的抵抗。天然产物因其对正常组织的低毒性而具有吸引力。白藜芦醇是一种天然草药制剂，具有有趣的抗癌特性。它已被证明可以选择性地杀死癌细胞，同时保护正常细胞。白藜芦醇可以增强还原/氧化（redox）反应，从而增加神经酰胺的产生和凋亡受体的表达，如 Fas 配体（FasL）。白藜芦醇还可以触发一些诱导线粒体凋亡途径的途径。另一方面，白藜芦醇对凋亡抑制介质具有抑制作用，如核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）、环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶（PI3K）和 mTOR。在这篇综述中，我们解释了白藜芦醇对细胞凋亡的调节作用，这可以提高抗癌药物或放射治疗的治疗效率。
