Haskins Christopher P, Champ Colin E, Miller Robert, Vyfhuis Melissa A L
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Adv Radiat Oncol. 2020 May 24;5(5):817-823. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.05.008. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct.
Poor nutrition is highly implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and affects the survival of patients during and after completion of definitive therapies. Mechanistic evidence accumulated over the last century now firmly places dysregulated cellular energetics within the emerging hallmarks of cancer. Nutritional intervention studies often aim to either enhance treatment effect or treat nutritional deficiencies that portend poor prognoses. Patients living within food priority areas have a high risk of nutritional need and are more likely to develop comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, and cardiovascular risk factors. Unfortunately, there is currently a paucity of data analyzing the impact of food priority areas on cancer outcomes.
Therefore, we performed a review of the literature focusing on the molecular and clinical interplay of cancer and nutrition, the importance of clinical trials in elucidating how to intervene in this setting and the significance of including citizens who live in food priority areas in these future prospective studies.
Given the importance of nutrition as an emerging hallmark of cancer, further research must be aimed at directing the optimal nutrition strategy throughout oncologic treatments, including the supplementation of nutritious foods to those that are otherwise unable to attain them.
营养不良与癌症发病机制密切相关，并影响患者在确定性治疗期间及治疗完成后的生存情况。过去一个世纪积累的机制证据现已明确将细胞能量代谢失调纳入癌症新出现的特征之中。营养干预研究通常旨在增强治疗效果或治疗预示预后不良的营养缺乏症。生活在食物优先供应地区的患者有很高的营养需求风险，并且更有可能出现合并症，包括糖尿病、高血压、肾脏疾病和心血管危险因素。不幸的是，目前缺乏分析食物优先供应地区对癌症结局影响的数据。
因此，我们对文献进行了综述，重点关注癌症与营养的分子和临床相互作用、临床试验在阐明如何在这种情况下进行干预的重要性，以及在这些未来的前瞻性研究中纳入生活在食物优先供应地区的居民的意义。
鉴于营养作为癌症新出现的特征的重要性，进一步的研究必须旨在指导整个肿瘤治疗过程中的最佳营养策略，包括向那些无法获得营养食物的人补充营养食品。
