School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Community and Aged Care Services, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend 2287, NSW, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 19;17(20):7627. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207627.
Because of economic reform, dietary pattern in China changed rapidly during the past two decades. Meanwhile, the changes of income and nutrients intake had the same trend. This study aims to measure the income-related inequality in daily nutrients intake and its health-related income mobility over time. Data was sourced from four waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey. Concentration indexes and health-related income mobility indexes were employed to measure the income-related inequality of nutrients intake and its change over time. This study found that the daily protein intake, daily fat intake, daily energy intake, and proportion of energy from fat over 30% were more concentrated on the rich, whereas daily carbohydrates intake among the poor. The income-related inequalities were more severe than the cross-sectional perspective in the long run. The dynamic change of urbanisation indexes has resulted that over 30% of energy from fat was more concentrated among the rich and carbohydrates intake among the poor. The nutrition transition may bring about more severe disease economic burden to the poor in the future. This study recommends an approach to minimize gaps between rural and city areas by promoting rural revitalization to reduce the income-related inequality in daily nutrient intake.
由于经济改革，中国在过去二十年中饮食模式迅速变化。同时，收入和营养素摄入的变化趋势相同。本研究旨在衡量日常营养素摄入的收入相关不平等及其随时间变化的健康相关收入流动性。数据来自四次中国健康与营养调查。采用集中指数和健康相关收入流动性指数来衡量营养素摄入的收入相关不平等及其随时间的变化。本研究发现，高蛋白、高脂肪、高能量和高能量来自脂肪的比例在富人中更为集中，而穷人中碳水化合物的摄入量更高。从长远来看，收入相关的不平等比横断面视角更为严重。城市化指数的动态变化导致超过 30%的能量来自脂肪在富人中更为集中，而碳水化合物在穷人中更为集中。营养转型可能会给未来的穷人带来更严重的疾病经济负担。本研究建议通过促进农村振兴，缩小城乡差距，以减少日常营养素摄入的收入相关不平等。
