Cepas Virginio, Soto Sara M
ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Oct 20;9(10):719. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9100719.
Bacteria present in the human body are innocuous, providing beneficial functions, some of which are necessary for correct body function. However, other bacteria are able to colonize, invade, and cause damage to different tissues, and these are categorised as pathogens. These pathogenic bacteria possess several factors that enable them to be more virulent and cause infection. Bacteria have a great capacity to adapt to different niches and environmental conditions (presence of antibiotics, iron depletion, etc.). Antibiotic pressure has favoured the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. Several studies have reported the presence of a relationship (both positive and negative, and both direct and indirect) between antimicrobial resistance and virulence among bacterial pathogens. This review studies the relationship among the most important Gram-negative bacteria ( and ) taking into account two points of view: (i) the effect the acquisition of resistance has on virulence, and (ii) co-selection of resistance and virulence. The relationship between resistance and virulence among bacteria depends on the bacterial species, the specific mechanisms of resistance and virulence, the ecological niche, and the host.
人体中存在的细菌是无害的，具有有益功能，其中一些功能对身体正常运作是必需的。然而，其他细菌能够定殖、侵入并对不同组织造成损害，这些细菌被归类为病原体。这些致病细菌具有多种使其更具毒性并引发感染的因素。细菌具有很强的适应不同生态位和环境条件（如抗生素的存在、铁缺乏等）的能力。抗生素压力促使全球范围内抗生素耐药菌的出现和传播。多项研究报告了细菌病原体中抗菌耐药性与毒力之间存在关系（包括正相关和负相关，以及直接和间接关系）。本综述从两个角度研究最重要的革兰氏阴性菌（和）之间的关系：（i）获得耐药性对毒力的影响，以及（ii）耐药性和毒力的共同选择。细菌中耐药性与毒力之间的关系取决于细菌种类、耐药性和毒力的具体机制、生态位以及宿主。
