Molecular Medical Research Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
Neurovirology Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 22;10(1):18008. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74604-w.
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) poses a huge threat to public health and the global economy. These viruses cause systemic infection in poultry and accidental human infection leads to severe pneumonia, associated with high mortality rates. The hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 HPAIV possesses multiple basic amino acids, as in the sequence RERRRKKR at the cleavage site; however, the role of this motif is not fully understood. Here, we showed that a 33-amino acid long peptide derived from HA of H5N1 HPAIV (HA314-46) has the potential to penetrate various cells and lung tissue through a sialic acid-independent endocytotic pathway. Mutant peptide analyses revealed that the cysteine residue at position 318 and multiple basic amino acids were essential for the cell-penetrating activity. Moreover, reassortant viruses possessing H5 HA could enter sialic acid-deficient cells, and virus internalisation was facilitated by cleavage with recombinant furin. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the HA314-46 motif exhibits cell-penetrating activity through a sialic acid-independent cell entry mechanism.
H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)对公共卫生和全球经济构成了巨大威胁。这些病毒会引起家禽的全身感染,而意外的人类感染会导致严重的肺炎,并伴有高死亡率。H5N1 HPAIV 的血凝素(HA)在裂解位点具有多个碱性氨基酸,如序列 RERRRKKR;然而,该基序的作用尚不完全清楚。在这里,我们表明,源自 H5N1 HPAIV 的 HA 的 33 个氨基酸长的肽(HA314-46)具有通过唾液酸非依赖的内吞途径穿透各种细胞和肺组织的潜力。突变肽分析表明,位置 318 的半胱氨酸残基和多个碱性氨基酸对于细胞穿透活性是必需的。此外,具有 H5 HA 的重配病毒能够进入缺乏唾液酸的细胞,并且通过重组弗林蛋白酶的切割促进了病毒内化。因此,我们的研究结果表明,HA314-46 基序通过唾液酸非依赖的细胞进入机制表现出细胞穿透活性。