Wu Limeng, Teng Zheng, Lin Qingneng, Liu Jing, Wu Huanyu, Kuang Xiaozhou, Cui Xiaoqing, Wang Wei, Cui Xiaoxian, Yuan Zheng-An, Zhang Xi, Xie Youhua
Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 25;11:570541. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.570541. eCollection 2020.
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses of the family. Infection of classic HAstVs is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis (infectious viral diarrhea). There is a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic characterization of classic HAstVs in acute viral gastroenteritis in the whole population. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological trend, genotypes, viral co-infections, and viral loads of classic HAstVs in Shanghai, China, from January 2015 to December 2016.
A total of 6,051 non-redundant stool samples were collected in outpatients with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. One-step real-time RT-PCR was used for screening viral diarrhea, including rotavirus A, rotavirus B, rotavirus C, norovirus genotype I and II, classic human astroviruses, and sapovirus. Real-time PCR was used for screening human enteric adenoviruses. Conventional RT-PCR was used for the amplification of viral fragments for genotyping. PCR products were sequenced and used for the construction of phylogenetic trees.
The detection rate of classic HAstVs was 1.55% (94/6,051). The prevalence of HAstV infection displayed a typical winter/spring (December to March) seasonality and was highest in the 5-14 age group. Eighty-six samples were genotyped, which revealed HAstV-1 as the most prevalent genotype, followed by HAstV-5, HAstV-4, HAstV- 2, HAstV-8, and HAstV-3. There was a dramatic rise in the prevalence of HAstV-4 from December 2015 to March 2016, and the viral loads of HAstV-4 were significantly higher than those of other genotypes. Among the mixed infection samples, noroviruses were found to be the most frequently co-infected enteric viruses with HAstV.
Multiple genotypes of classic HAstVs circulated in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. For the first time, HAstV-3\4\5\8 were detected in Shanghai.
人星状病毒（HAstVs）是该家族的单链RNA病毒。经典HAstVs感染是急性病毒性胃肠炎（感染性病毒性腹泻）最常见的病因之一。目前缺乏关于整个人群中急性病毒性胃肠炎患者经典HAstVs流行率和基因特征的数据。本研究旨在调查2015年1月至2016年12月期间中国上海经典HAstVs的流行病学趋势、基因型、病毒合并感染情况及病毒载量。
2015年1月至2016年12月期间，收集了上海急性腹泻门诊患者的6051份非重复粪便样本。采用一步法实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）筛查病毒性腹泻，包括A组轮状病毒、B组轮状病毒、C组轮状病毒、I型和II型诺如病毒、经典人星状病毒和札如病毒。采用实时PCR筛查人肠道腺病毒。采用常规RT-PCR扩增病毒片段进行基因分型。对PCR产物进行测序并用于构建系统发育树。
经典HAstVs的检出率为1.55%（94/6051）。HAstV感染的流行呈现典型的冬春季节（12月至3月）季节性，在5-14岁年龄组中最高。对86份样本进行基因分型，结果显示HAstV-1是最常见的基因型，其次是HAstV-5、HAstV-4、HAstV-2、HAstV-8和HAstV-3。2015年12月至2016年3月期间，HAstV-4的流行率急剧上升，且HAstV-4的病毒载量显著高于其他基因型。在混合感染样本中，诺如病毒被发现是与HAstV合并感染最常见的肠道病毒。
2015年1月至2016年12月期间，多种基因型的经典HAstVs在上海流行。首次在上海检测到HAstV-3、4、5、8。
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