Arikan Ezgi Bezirhan, Canli Oltan, Caro Yanis, Dufossé Laurent, Dizge Nadir
Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey.
Environment and Clean Production Institute, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey.
J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Oct 22;6(4):240. doi: 10.3390/jof6040240.
Food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, and red beet pulps) were evaluated as raw materials in pigment production by the filamentous fungi The effect of fermentation conditions (solid and submerged-state), incubation period (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d), initial substrate pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5), and pulp particle size (<1.4, 1.4-2.0, 2-4, and >4 mm) on fungal pigment production were tested to optimize the conditions. Pigment extraction analysis carried out under solid-state fermentation conditions showed that the maximum pigment production was determined as 9.21 ± 0.59 absorbance unit at the corresponding wavelength per gram (AU/g) dry fermented mass (dfm) for pomegranate pulp (PP) by for 5 d. Moreover, the highest pigment production was obtained as 61.84 ± 2.16 AU/g dfm as yellowish brown at initial pH 6.5 with < 1.4 mm of substrate particle size for 15-d incubation period. GC×GC-TOFMS results indicate that melanin could be one of the main products as a pigment. SEM images showed that melanin could localize on the conidia of
食品加工业副产品（苹果、石榴、黑胡萝卜和红甜菜果肉）被评估为丝状真菌生产色素的原材料。测试了发酵条件（固态和液态深层发酵）、培养时间（3、6、9、12和15天）、初始底物pH值（4.5、5.5、6.5、7.5和8.5）以及果肉颗粒大小（<1.4、1.4 - 2.0、2 - 4和>4毫米）对真菌色素生产的影响，以优化条件。在固态发酵条件下进行的色素提取分析表明，对于石榴果肉（PP），在相应波长下，经[具体菌株或条件未明确]发酵5天，最大色素产量确定为每克干发酵物（dfm）9.21±0.59吸光度单位（AU/g）。此外，在初始pH值6.5、底物颗粒大小<1.4毫米、培养15天的条件下，获得了最高色素产量，为61.84±2.16 AU/g dfm，呈黄棕色。气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC×GC - TOFMS）结果表明，黑色素可能是色素的主要产物之一。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示，黑色素可能定位于分生孢子上。
