Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
J Glob Health. 2020 Dec;10(2):020505. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020505.
Epidemic outbreaks have significant impact on psychological well-being, increasing psychiatric morbidity among the population. We aimed to describe the early psychological impact of COVID-19 and its contributing factors in a large Spanish sample, globally and according to mental status (never mental disorder NMD, past mental disorder PMD, current mental disorder CMD).
An online questionnaire was conducted between 19 and 26 March, five days after the official declaration of alarm and the lockdown order. Data included sociodemographic and clinical information and the DASS-21 and IES questionnaires. We analysed 21 207 responses using the appropriate descriptive and univariate tests as well as binary logistic regression to identify psychological risk and protective factors.
We found a statistically significant gradient in the psychological impact experienced in five domains according to mental status, with the NMD group being the least affected and the CMD group being the most affected. In the three groups, the depressive response was the most prevalent (NMD = 40.9%, PMD = 51.9%, CMD = 74.4%, = 1011.459, < 0.001). Risk factors were female sex and classification as a case in any psychological domain. Protective factors were younger age and ability to enjoy free time. Variables related to COVID-19 had almost no impact except for having COVID-19 symptoms, which was a risk factor for anxiety in all three groups.
Our results can help develop coping strategies addressing modifiable risk and protective factors for each mental status for early implementation in future outbreaks.
疫情爆发对心理健康有重大影响，增加了人群中的精神发病率。我们旨在描述 COVID-19 在西班牙大样本中的早期心理影响及其在全球的影响因素，并根据精神状态（从未有精神障碍 NMD、过去有精神障碍 PMD、当前有精神障碍 CMD）进行描述。
在警报正式宣布和封锁令下达后的第五天，即 3 月 19 日至 26 日之间，进行了在线问卷调查。数据包括社会人口统计学和临床信息以及 DASS-21 和 IES 问卷。我们使用适当的描述性和单变量检验以及二元逻辑回归分析了 21707 个回复，以确定心理风险和保护因素。
我们发现，根据精神状态，在五个领域中经历的心理影响存在统计学显著梯度，NMD 组受影响最小，CMD 组受影响最大。在三组中，抑郁反应最为普遍（NMD=40.9%、PMD=51.9%、CMD=74.4%，=1011.459，<0.001）。风险因素为女性性别和任何心理领域的病例分类。保护因素为年龄较小和享受闲暇时间的能力。与 COVID-19 相关的变量几乎没有影响，除了有 COVID-19 症状外，这是三组焦虑的危险因素。
我们的结果可以帮助制定应对策略，针对每个精神状态的可改变风险和保护因素，以便在未来的疫情中尽早实施。
