Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2207:247-283. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_19.
To date, a number of nanocarriers, either inorganic or organic, have been developed to improve the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of various drugs. Drug delivery systems have attempted to overcome the undesirable pharmacokinetic problems encountered. Among the various nanomaterials that have been designed as potential nanocarriers, cyclodextrin-based polymers are of particular interest in this review.Cyclodextrins (CD) are a class of cyclic glucopyranose oligomers, obtained from starch by enzymatic action, with a characteristic toroidal shape that forms a truncated cone-shaped lipophilic cavity. The main common native cyclodextrins are named α, β, and γ which comprise six, seven, and eight glucopyranose units, respectively. Cyclodextrins have the capability to include compounds whose size and polarity are compatible with those of their cavity.Cyclodextrin-based cross-linked polymers, often referred to as "cyclodextrin nanosponges" (CDNSs), attract great attention from researchers for solving major bioavailability problems such as inadequate solubility, poor dissolution rate, and limited stability of some agents, as well as increasing their effectiveness and decreasing unwanted side effects.Registered patents about this novel system in various fields, different pharmaceutical applications, and classes of drugs encapsulated by CDNSs are detailed. The features outlined make CDNSs a promising platform for the development of innovative and advanced delivery systems.
迄今为止，已经开发了许多纳米载体，无论是无机的还是有机的，以提高各种药物的递送和治疗效果。药物递送系统试图克服遇到的不理想的药代动力学问题。在被设计为潜在纳米载体的各种纳米材料中，基于环糊精的聚合物在本综述中特别受到关注。环糊精（CD）是一类环状葡萄糖低聚糖，通过酶促作用从淀粉中获得，具有特征性的截头圆锥形亲脂性腔。主要的天然环糊精分别命名为α、β和γ，它们分别包含六个、七个和八个葡萄糖单元。环糊精具有包含与其腔大小和极性相匹配的化合物的能力。基于环糊精的交联聚合物，通常称为“环糊精纳米海绵”（CDNSs），由于能够解决一些药物的生物利用度问题，如溶解度不足、溶解速率低、稳定性有限，以及提高其有效性和降低不必要的副作用，因此受到研究人员的极大关注。详细介绍了关于该新型系统在各个领域、不同药物制剂以及被 CDNS 包封的药物类别中的注册专利。所概述的特征使 CDNS 成为开发创新和先进递药系统的有前途的平台。
