Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021 Mar;1488(1):33-43. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14519. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
To help inform global guidelines on infant feeding, this systematic review synthesizes evidence related to the presence of the Ebola virus (EBOV) in breast milk and its potential risk of viral transmission to the infant when breastfeeding. We relied on a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies including women with suspected, probable, or confirmed EBOV infection, intending to breastfeed or give breast milk to an infant. Our search identified 10,454 records, and after deduplication and screening, we assessed 148 full texts. We included eight studies reporting on 10 breastfeeding mothers and their children (one mother with twins), who provided breast milk samples for assessment. EBOV was detected via RT-PCR or viral culture in seven out of ten breast milk samples. Four out of the five-breastfed infants with EBOV-positive breast milk were found positive for EBOV infection, and all of these EBOV-positive infants died. Since previous reports have detected EBOV in tears, saliva, sweat, and contaminated surfaces, with the current evidence, it is not possible to conclude with certainty that breast milk was the main route of EBOV transmission.
为了帮助制定全球婴儿喂养指南，本系统评价综合了有关埃博拉病毒（EBOV）存在于母乳中及其通过母乳喂养向婴儿传播病毒的潜在风险的证据。我们依赖于全面的搜索策略来确定包括疑似、可能或确诊 EBOV 感染的女性、打算母乳喂养或向婴儿提供母乳的研究。我们的搜索确定了 10454 条记录，经过去重和筛选，我们评估了 148 篇全文。我们纳入了 8 项研究，这些研究报告了 10 位母乳喂养的母亲及其子女（一位母亲生了双胞胎），这些母亲提供了母乳样本进行评估。在 10 份母乳样本中，通过 RT-PCR 或病毒培养检测到了 7 份 EBOV。在 5 名 EBOV 阳性母乳的母乳喂养婴儿中，有 4 名被发现 EBOV 感染呈阳性，且所有这些 EBOV 阳性婴儿均死亡。由于之前的报告已经在眼泪、唾液、汗水和受污染的表面检测到了 EBOV，而根据目前的证据，不能确定母乳是 EBOV 传播的主要途径。
