Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Viruses. 2020 Oct 27;12(11):1217. doi: 10.3390/v12111217.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic peptide 3 (APOBEC3) proteins are critical host proteins that counteract and prevent the replication of retroviruses. Unlike the genome of humans and other species, the mouse genome encodes a single gene, which has undergone positive selection, as reflected by the allelic variants found in different inbred mouse strains. This positive selection was likely due to infection by various mouse retroviruses, which have persisted in their hosts for millions of years. While mouse retroviruses are inhibited by APOBEC3, they nonetheless still remain infectious, likely due to the actions of different viral proteins that counteract this host factor. The study of viruses in their natural hosts provides important insight into their co-evolution.
载脂蛋白 B mRNA 编辑酶、催化肽 3（APOBEC3）蛋白是对抗和阻止逆转录病毒复制的关键宿主蛋白。与人类和其他物种的基因组不同，鼠基因组编码一个单一的基因，该基因经历了正选择，这反映在不同近交系小鼠品系中发现的等位基因变异上。这种正选择可能是由于各种鼠逆转录病毒的感染，这些病毒在宿主中已经存在了数百万年。虽然鼠逆转录病毒被 APOBEC3 抑制，但它们仍然具有传染性，这可能是由于不同的病毒蛋白的作用，这些蛋白对抗这种宿主因子。在其自然宿主中研究病毒可以深入了解它们的共同进化。
