Palazzolo Stefano, Memeo Lorenzo, Hadla Mohamad, Duzagac Fahriye, Steffan Agostino, Perin Tiziana, Canzonieri Vincenzo, Tuccinardi Tiziano, Caligiuri Isabella, Rizzolio Flavio
Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 28;12(11):3165. doi: 10.3390/cancers12113165.
Nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) with dimensions ranging from 100 to 1000 nm are continuously secreted from different cells in their extracellular environment. They are able to encapsulate and transfer various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, that play an essential role in cell‒cell communication, reflecting a novel method of extracellular cross-talk. Since EVs are present in large amounts in most bodily fluids, challengeable hypotheses are analyzed to unlock their potential roles. Here, we review EVs by discussing their specific characteristics (structure, formation, composition, and isolation methods), focusing on their key role in cell biology. Furthermore, this review will summarize the biomedical applications of EVs, in particular those between 30 and 150 nm (like exosomes), as next-generation diagnostic tools in liquid biopsy for cancer and as novel drug delivery vehicles.
尺寸在100到1000纳米之间的纳米级细胞外囊泡（EVs）在细胞外环境中不断地从不同细胞分泌出来。它们能够包裹和传递各种生物分子，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质，这些生物分子在细胞间通讯中起着至关重要的作用，反映了一种新的细胞外相互作用方式。由于EVs大量存在于大多数体液中，因此对具有挑战性的假设进行了分析，以挖掘它们的潜在作用。在这里，我们通过讨论EVs的具体特征（结构、形成、组成和分离方法）来对其进行综述，重点关注它们在细胞生物学中的关键作用。此外，本综述将总结EVs的生物医学应用，特别是那些尺寸在30到150纳米之间的EVs（如外泌体），作为癌症液体活检中的下一代诊断工具以及新型药物递送载体。
