Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
Department of Immunotherapy & Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
Cytokine. 2021 Nov;147:155322. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155322. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
In humans, infection with Leishmania manifests into a spectrum of diseases. The manifestation of the diseases depend on the resultant evasion of the parasite to immune responses namely by macrophages, which is an exclusive host of Leishmania. The B cells valiantly mount antibody responses, however, to no avail as the Leishmania parasites occupy the intracellular niches of the macrophages and subvert the immune response. Extensive studies have been documented on the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in protection and counter survival strategies of the parasites leading to downregulation of CMI. The present review attempts to discuss the cytokines in progression or resolution of visceral form of leishmaniasis or kala-azar, predominantly affecting the Indian subcontinent. The components/cytokine(s) responsible for the regulation of the critical balance of T helper cells and their subsets have been discussed in the perspective. Therefore, any strategy involving the treatment of visceral leishmania (VL) needs to consider the balance and regulation of T cell function.
在人类中，感染利什曼原虫会表现出一系列疾病。疾病的表现取决于寄生虫对免疫反应的逃避程度，即巨噬细胞对利什曼原虫的特有宿主。B 细胞勇敢地产生抗体反应，但无济于事，因为利什曼原虫寄生虫占据了巨噬细胞的细胞内小生境，并颠覆了免疫反应。大量研究已经记录了细胞介导的免疫 (CMI) 在保护和寄生虫生存策略中的作用，导致 CMI 的下调。本综述试图讨论细胞因子在内脏型利什曼病或黑热病（主要影响印度次大陆）的进展或消退中的作用。从该角度讨论了负责调节辅助性 T 细胞及其亚群的关键平衡的细胞因子成分/细胞因子。因此，任何涉及内脏利什曼病 (VL) 治疗的策略都需要考虑 T 细胞功能的平衡和调节。
