Rocha Bruno, Nunes Cristina
University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
Psychology Research Centre (CIP), University Autónoma de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2020 Oct 31;33(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s41155-020-00163-8.
Several health organizations have been expressing concern about the amount of time children spend using electronic devices and about the benefits and damages of the use of touchscreen devices, such as smartphones or tablets, for the development and behavior of children under the age of 5. A systematic review was carried out in order to understand the impact of touchscreen device usage toward children's development and behavior under the age of 5.
Using the PRISMA method, from a total of 6314 studies found in online databases, searched in English, between 01/01/2000 and 01/10/2018, 11 studies were selected for analysis.
The results revealed that, in children under the age of 5, the damages of the use of touchscreen devices are superior to the benefits that may result, especially when there are more hours of screen time. More importance is given to the quality of the child-adult relationship and not to the use of touchscreen devices. Nevertheless, some studies emphasize some aspects that may reduce the negative effects, such as moderate use, less screen time, parental monitoring, and viewing educational programs in an academic environment.
Guidelines that should be given to parents about the use of touchscreen devices by children are discussed. The limitation of this study was the difficulty in finding studies directed to the desired age and type of electronic device. This may be taken as a potential cause of bias.
多个健康组织一直对儿童使用电子设备的时长表示担忧，也关注诸如智能手机或平板电脑等触屏设备的使用对5岁以下儿童的发育及行为所产生的利弊。开展了一项系统综述，以了解使用触屏设备对5岁以下儿童发育及行为的影响。
采用PRISMA方法，从2000年1月1日至2018年10月1日期间在在线数据库中检索到的、用英文发表的总共6314项研究中，选取了11项研究进行分析。
结果显示，对于5岁以下儿童而言，使用触屏设备的危害大于可能带来的益处，尤其是当屏幕使用时间更长时。儿童与成人关系的质量比触屏设备的使用更为重要。然而，一些研究强调了一些可能减少负面影响的方面，如适度使用、减少屏幕使用时间、家长监督以及在学术环境中观看教育节目。
讨论了应向家长提供的有关儿童使用触屏设备的指导原则。本研究的局限性在于难以找到针对目标年龄和电子设备类型的研究。这可能被视为偏差的一个潜在原因。
