Boat Ruth, Hunte Raymon, Welsh Emily, Dunn Anna, Treadwell Ellen, Cooper Simon B
Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Oct 8;14:571312. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.571312. eCollection 2020.
Self-control exertion on an initial task has been associated with impaired performance on subsequent physical tasks also requiring self-control; an effect suggested to be mediated by changes in perceptions of pain and motivation. However, the effects of spending longer on the initial self-control task are unknown. This study, therefore, explored the potential for the duration of the initial self-control task to influence subsequent physical performance, perceptions of pain, and perceived motivation; particularly during the early stages of the physical task. In a within-subject design, 29 participants (11 male, 18 female) completed a wall-sit task until volitional exhaustion, on four separate occasions. Prior to each wall-sit, participants completed either a non-self-control task (congruent Stroop task) for 4 min, or a self-control task (incongruent Stroop task) for 4 (short duration), 8 (medium duration), or 16 (long duration) min. Participant's perceptions of pain and motivation were recorded every 30 s during the wall-sit. Wall-sit performance time was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and perceptions of pain and motivation analyzed using multi-level modeling. Wall-sit performance time was significantly longer on the non-self-control exertion trial compared to all other trials (all < 0.01), as well as longer on both the short duration and medium duration self-control exertion trials compared to the long duration self-control exertion trial (both < 0.001). Perceptions of initial (at 30 s) pain and motivation were different between the trials (main effect of trial: pain, = 0.001; motivation, < 0.001); whereby longer durations of self-control exertion increased perceptions of pain and decreased motivation. The decrease in motivation during the wall-sit task was greater on the long duration self-control exertion trial compared to all other trials (trialtime interactions, all < 0.05). The present study provides novel evidence that spending longer on the initial self-control task led to greater detrimental effects on subsequent wall-sit performance time. Furthermore, longer duration self-control exertion tasks led to increased perceptions of pain and decreased motivation within the first 30 s of the wall-sit task, as well as a greater decrease in motivation across the wall-sit task. These attentional and motivational shifts may explain performance decrements following the exertion of self-control.
在初始任务上进行自我控制已被证明与后续同样需要自我控制的体力任务表现受损有关；这种影响被认为是由疼痛感知和动机的变化介导的。然而，在初始自我控制任务上花费更长时间的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究探讨了初始自我控制任务的持续时间对后续体力表现、疼痛感知和感知动机的潜在影响；特别是在体力任务的早期阶段。在一项被试内设计中，29名参与者（11名男性，18名女性）在四个不同场合完成了靠墙静蹲任务，直到自愿疲惫。在每次靠墙静蹲之前，参与者要么完成4分钟的非自我控制任务（一致的斯特鲁普任务），要么完成4分钟（短持续时间）、8分钟（中等持续时间）或16分钟（长持续时间）的自我控制任务（不一致的斯特鲁普任务）。在靠墙静蹲过程中，每隔30秒记录参与者的疼痛和动机感知。使用单因素方差分析分析靠墙静蹲表现时间，使用多层次建模分析疼痛和动机感知。与所有其他试验相比，在非自我控制试验中的靠墙静蹲表现时间显著更长（所有P<0.01），并且与长持续时间自我控制试验相比，短持续时间和中等持续时间自我控制试验中的靠墙静蹲表现时间也更长（两者P<0.001）。试验之间初始（30秒时）的疼痛和动机感知不同（试验的主效应：疼痛，P = 0.001；动机，P<0.001）；由此，更长时间的自我控制会增加疼痛感知并降低动机。与所有其他试验相比，在长持续时间自我控制试验中，靠墙静蹲任务期间的动机下降更大（试验×时间交互作用，所有P<0.05）。本研究提供了新的证据，即在初始自我控制任务上花费更长时间会对后续靠墙静蹲表现时间产生更大的不利影响。此外，更长持续时间的自我控制任务会导致在靠墙静蹲任务的前30秒内疼痛感知增加、动机降低，以及在整个靠墙静蹲任务中动机下降更大。这些注意力和动机的转变可能解释了自我控制后的表现下降。
