Mekari Said, Neyedli Heather F, Fraser Sarah, O'Brien Myles W, Martins Ricardo, Evans Kailey, Earle Meghan, Aucoin Rachelle, Chiekwe Joy, Hollohan Quinn, Kimmerly Derek S, Dupuy Olivier
School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, 550. Main Street, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1T8, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2020 Oct 29;10(11):796. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10110796.
Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., V˙O2max) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. The V˙O2max findings revealed a significant group by time interaction ( = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed ( > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.
规律的有氧运动与老年人更好的执行功能相关。目前尚不清楚高强度间歇训练（HIIT）是否比中等强度持续训练（MICT）或抗阻训练（RT）更具优势。我们假设HIIT比MICT和RT能更有效地增强执行功能。69名老年人（年龄：68±7岁）进行了为期六周（每周三天）的HIIT训练（2×20分钟，包括在100%峰值功率输出（PPO）下进行15秒的间隔与被动恢复（0%PPO）交替进行；n = 24）、MICT训练（在60%PPO下进行34分钟；n = 19）或全身RT训练（八个练习动作，每个动作进行2×10次重复；n = 26）。通过递增式最大运动负荷蹬车试验和Stroop任务分别在每次干预前后评估心肺适能（即最大摄氧量）和执行功能。最大摄氧量的结果显示，训练后所有组均有改善，但HIIT组和MICT组的改善幅度大于RT组，存在显著的组间时间交互作用（p = 0.001）。在训练前后，Stroop任务的命名条件下未观察到交互作用（p > 0.10）。然而，观察到了训练前后的组间交互作用，只有HIIT组在转换任务（认知灵活性）时反应时间更快（从1250±50毫秒缩短至1100±50毫秒；p < 0.001）。尽管心肺适能有相似程度的改善，但只有HIIT增强了老年人的认知灵活性，而MICT和RT则没有。运动项目应考虑采用HIIT方案，以应对老年人的认知能力下降。
