Liu Yu-Chi, Lin Molly Tzu-Yu, Ng Anthony Herr Cheun, Wong Tina T, Mehta Jodhbir S
Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020 Oct 29;13(11):351. doi: 10.3390/ph13110351.
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common external eye diseases and the prevalence has been increasing. The mainstay of treatment is topical eye drops. However, low bioavailability, low ocular drug penetration, transient resident time on the ocular surface due to tear turnover, frequent topical applications and dependence on patient compliance, are the main drawbacks associated with topical administration. Nanotechnology-based medicine has emerged to circumvent these limitations, by encapsulating the drugs and preventing them from degradation and therefore providing sustained and controlled release. Using a nanotechnology-based approach to load the drug is particularly useful for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs such as immunomodulatory agents, which are commonly used in allergic conjunctival diseases. In this review, different nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including nanoemulsions, liposomes, nanomicelles, nanosuspension, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, and their potential ophthalmic applications, as well as advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. We also summarize the results of present studies on the loading of immunomodulators or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to nano-scaled drug delivery systems. For future potential clinical use, research should focus on the optimization of drug delivery designs that provide adequate and effective doses with safe and satisfactory pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-toxic profiles.
过敏性结膜炎是最常见的眼部外疾病之一，其患病率一直在上升。治疗的主要手段是局部滴眼液。然而，生物利用度低、眼部药物渗透率低、由于泪液周转导致在眼表的驻留时间短暂、频繁局部应用以及对患者依从性的依赖，是与局部给药相关的主要缺点。基于纳米技术的药物已经出现，通过封装药物并防止其降解，从而实现持续和可控释放，以规避这些限制。采用基于纳米技术的方法来负载药物对于递送疏水性药物（如常用于过敏性结膜疾病的免疫调节剂）特别有用。在这篇综述中，讨论了不同的基于纳米技术的药物递送系统，包括纳米乳剂、脂质体、纳米胶束、纳米混悬液、聚合物和脂质纳米颗粒，及其潜在的眼科应用，以及优缺点。我们还总结了目前关于将免疫调节剂或非甾体抗炎药负载到纳米级药物递送系统的研究结果。对于未来潜在的临床应用，研究应侧重于优化药物递送设计，以提供足够有效的剂量，并具有安全且令人满意的药代动力学和药物毒性特征。
