Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2020 Oct;148(4):2371. doi: 10.1121/10.0002279.
Face masks muffle speech and make communication more difficult, especially for people with hearing loss. This study examines the acoustic attenuation caused by different face masks, including medical, cloth, and transparent masks, using a head-shaped loudspeaker and a live human talker. The results suggest that all masks attenuate frequencies above 1 kHz, that attenuation is greatest in front of the talker, and that there is substantial variation between mask types, especially cloth masks with different materials and weaves. Transparent masks have poor acoustic performance compared to both medical and cloth masks. Most masks have little effect on lapel microphones, suggesting that existing sound reinforcement and assistive listening systems may be effective for verbal communication with masks.
口罩会使声音变得模糊，使交流变得更加困难，尤其是对于有听力损失的人来说。本研究使用头型扬声器和真人说话者，测试了不同口罩（包括医用口罩、布口罩和透明口罩）造成的声学衰减。结果表明，所有口罩都会衰减 1kHz 以上的频率，在说话者前方衰减最大，而且不同口罩类型之间存在很大差异，布口罩尤其是不同材料和编织方式的布口罩更是如此。与医用口罩和布口罩相比，透明口罩的声学性能较差。大多数口罩对衣领麦克风的影响很小，这表明现有的声音增强和助听系统可能对戴口罩进行言语交流有效。
