Mehra Aseem, Sangwan Garima, Grover Sandeep, Kathirvel Soundappan, Avasthi Ajit
Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2020 Oct;11(4):585-592. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715540. Epub 2020 Sep 4.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity among the patients attending the rural noncommunicable disease clinic after controlling for various confounders (i.e., psychological morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age). One-hundred twenty-four patients were evaluated on the Hindi Mental State Examination for the cognitive function, Physical Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety disorders. About one-fourth (26.6%) of the participants had cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was more among patients with hypertension (35.5%) as compared with the diabetes mellitus (13.6%) and those with comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus (26.6%). About one of the participants had depression (35.5%) and 29% of the patients had anxiety disorder. No significant difference was found in the level of cognitive deficits between those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, when the confounding factors were not taken into account in the analysis. However, after controlling for psychiatric morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age, those with hypertension were found to have significantly higher level of cognitive impairment compared with those with diabetes mellitus. A higher level of dysfunction was seen in the domains of orientation, registration, attention, recall, language, and visuospatial domains. Present study suggests that patients of hypertension have higher level of cognitive impairment, when compared with those with diabetes mellitus, even after controlling for various confounders. Lack of difference between the two groups can be accounted by the confounding variables.
本研究旨在评估在控制各种混杂因素（即心理疾病、肥胖、性别、教育程度、病程和年龄）后，农村非传染性疾病诊所患者中认知障碍和精神疾病的患病率。对124名患者进行了印地语精神状态检查以评估认知功能、使用9项健康调查问卷评估抑郁情况、使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表7评估焦虑症情况。约四分之一（26.6%）的参与者存在认知障碍。高血压患者中认知障碍的患病率（35.5%）高于糖尿病患者（13.6%）以及高血压合并糖尿病患者（26.6%）。约三分之一的参与者患有抑郁症（35.5%），29%的患者患有焦虑症。在分析中未考虑混杂因素时，高血压患者和糖尿病患者的认知缺陷水平没有显著差异。然而，在控制了精神疾病、肥胖、性别、教育程度、病程和年龄后，发现高血压患者的认知障碍水平明显高于糖尿病患者。在定向、登记、注意力、回忆、语言和视觉空间领域观察到更高水平的功能障碍。本研究表明，即使在控制了各种混杂因素之后，高血压患者的认知障碍水平仍高于糖尿病患者。两组之间缺乏差异可能是由混杂变量导致的。
