AlKaabi Nasser, Al-Ghouti Mohammad A, Jaoua Samir, Zouari Nabil
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PoB 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2020 Oct 12;28:e00543. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00543. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Petroleum-derived contamination events constitute a unique environmental issue in the arid areas because of the weathering processes, accentuated due to harsh conditions and representing the main origin of failure of bioremediation applications. The industrial area of Dukhan and the AlZubara coast represent wethered oily-sites as an appropriate model due to the extreme weather, which characterizes Qatar. Indigenous bacteria would be highly adapted and when re-introduced or stimulated would conduct to the remediation of these sites. An appropriate approach to bioremediating-weathered oil was investigated in these two areas. Systematic soil sampling was performed, and the soil samples were analyzed. The results clearly showed the harsh chemical compositions (high salinity and contents of total petroleum components contents in the range of the oil organics). By implementation of a procedure of isolation of highly adapted bacteria, few hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated in the objective of selecting those for further application. Their identification by ribotyping showed dominance of and in AlZubara site, and and in Dukhan site. All bacterial strains were highly tolerant to 10 % diesel and showed potential of removal of 20 %-85 % of C to C hydrocarbons. This potential was confirmed by determination of the heptadecane/pristane and octadecane/phytane ratios, indicating in turn their potential to bioremediate oil. This was demonstrated by comparison of the self-remediation to bioaugmentation using two selected and strains using Dukhan soil in biopiles. These strains when biostimulted in such a soil increased the removal of total petroleum components to 53 % compared to 30 % with self-purification, after 90 d. The results indicated that highly adapted endogenous bacteria might be used to bioremediate highly weathered oil-contaminated soil under harsh conditions.
由于风化过程，石油衍生的污染事件在干旱地区构成了一个独特的环境问题，恶劣条件加剧了风化过程，这也是生物修复应用失败的主要原因。杜坎工业区和祖巴拉海岸由于卡塔尔特有的极端天气，呈现出风化油污染场地，是一个合适的模型。本地细菌具有高度适应性，重新引入或刺激后可对这些场地进行修复。在这两个地区研究了一种修复风化油的合适方法。进行了系统的土壤采样，并对土壤样本进行了分析。结果清楚地表明了其恶劣的化学成分（高盐度以及石油有机成分范围内的总石油成分含量）。通过实施高度适应性细菌的分离程序，分离出了少数烃降解细菌，目的是挑选出可进一步应用的细菌。通过核糖体分型对它们进行鉴定，结果显示在祖巴拉场地以 和 为主，在杜坎场地以 和 为主。所有细菌菌株对10%的柴油具有高度耐受性，并且显示出去除20%-85%的C 至C 烃的潜力。通过测定十七烷/姥鲛烷和十八烷/植烷的比例证实了这种潜力，这反过来又表明了它们对石油进行生物修复的潜力。通过比较杜坎土壤生物堆中使用两种选定的 和 菌株进行生物强化与自然修复的效果，证明了这一点。在这种土壤中对这些菌株进行生物刺激后，90天后总石油成分的去除率从自然净化的30%提高到了53%。结果表明，高度适应性的内源细菌可用于在恶劣条件下对高度风化的石油污染土壤进行生物修复。
