Department of Civil, Building, Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Public Health Unit, Department of Prevention (SISP), Local Health Trust 1 (ASL RM 1), Rome, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2020 Sep-Oct;32(5 Supple 1):52-65. doi: 10.7416/ai.2020.3394.
In recent years, growing interest was devoted to housing conditions from both scientific community and public health, so they are now considered among the main environmental and social health determinants of health of the population. Aim of the study is to analyze and compare the current regulations regarding housing sanitary requirements in different Countries of the EU (Sweden, United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain) with the contents of the Italian Health Ministerial Decree 5th July 1975. From the websites of the official channels of the various countries the regulations have been downloaded. For the comparison, only the aspects of BCs concerning the scale of the building were examined; the comparison concerned all the requirements of the Health Ministerial Decree of 5.07.1975 and some other parameters (e.g. indoor chemical pollution, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation) not provided for in the Ministerial Decree, treated in the other standards regulations, and relevant for the indoor well-being of the occupants. The authors observe a wide variability in the contents and in the formulation of the hygienic-sanitary requirements among the different Building Codes, above all as regards the dimensional data and some fundamental themes (e.g. heating systems, mechanical ventilation) whose treatment is often not it is updated with respect to the technological-scientific innovation consolidated over the past few years. A diverse approach among European Countries is also observed: from a market-oriented logic (e.g. UK), to a prescriptive one (Italy), to a functionality-oriented (the Netherlands). The comparative analysis we carried out made it possible to identify convergences and divergences in the standards analysed for the different European countries. As far as the Italian legislation on the usability of residential premises, finally, considering the health, social, environmental and economic trends, many standards contained in the MD 5th July 1975 should be reviewed and updated.
近年来，科学界和公共卫生界越来越关注住房条件，因此它们现在被认为是影响人口健康的主要环境和社会健康决定因素之一。本研究的目的是分析和比较欧盟（瑞典、英国、丹麦、荷兰、法国、德国、葡萄牙、西班牙）不同国家目前关于住房卫生要求的法规与 1975 年 7 月 5 日意大利卫生部长法令的内容。从各国官方渠道的网站上下载了法规。为了进行比较，仅检查了与建筑物规模有关的基本建设规定方面；比较涉及了 1975 年 7 月 5 日卫生部长法令的所有要求以及其他一些参数（例如室内化学污染、电离辐射、非电离辐射），这些参数未在部长法令中规定，而是在其他标准法规中处理，与居住者的室内舒适度有关。作者观察到不同建筑规范中卫生和卫生要求的内容和表述存在很大差异，尤其是在尺寸数据和一些基本主题（例如供暖系统、机械通风）方面，这些主题的处理通常没有随着过去几年技术科学创新的发展而更新。在欧洲国家中也观察到不同的方法：从面向市场的逻辑（例如英国）到规定性的逻辑（意大利），再到面向功能的逻辑（荷兰）。我们进行的比较分析使我们能够确定分析的不同欧洲国家的标准之间的趋同和分歧。就意大利关于住宅使用的法规而言，最后，考虑到健康、社会、环境和经济趋势，应审查和更新 1975 年 7 月 5 日卫生部长法令中包含的许多标准。
