Jafarzadeh Abdollah, Nemati Maryam, Saha Bhaskar, Bansode Yashwant D, Jafarzadeh Sara
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Viral Immunol. 2021 Jun;34(5):307-320. doi: 10.1089/vim.2020.0076. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
While an appropriately regulated production of interferons (IFNs) performs a fundamental role in the defense against coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dysregulated overproduction of inflammatory mediators can play an important role in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection-related complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. As the principal constituents of innate immunity, both type I and III IFNs share antiviral features. However, important properties, including preferential expression at mucosal barriers (such as respiratory tract), local influences, lower receptor distribution, smaller target cell types, noninflammatory effects, and immunomodulatory impacts, were attributed only to type III IFNs. Accordingly, type III IFNs can establish an optimal effective antiviral response, without triggering exaggerated systemic inflammation that is generally attributed to the type I IFNs. However, some harmful effects were attributed to the III IFNs and there are also major differences between human and mouse concerning the immunomodulatory effects of III IFNs. Here, we describe the differential properties of type I and type III IFNs and present a model of IFN response during SARS-COV-2 infection, while highlighting the superior potential of type III IFNs in COVID-19.
虽然适当调节的干扰素（IFN）产生在抵御诸如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）等冠状病毒方面发挥着重要作用，但炎症介质的失调过度产生在SARS-CoV-2感染相关并发症（如急性呼吸窘迫综合征）的发展中可能起重要作用。作为先天免疫的主要成分，I型和III型干扰素都具有抗病毒特性。然而，包括在黏膜屏障（如呼吸道）的优先表达、局部影响、较低的受体分布、较小的靶细胞类型、非炎症作用和免疫调节影响等重要特性仅归因于III型干扰素。因此，III型干扰素可以建立最佳有效的抗病毒反应，而不会引发通常归因于I型干扰素的过度全身性炎症。然而，III型干扰素也有一些有害影响，并且在人类和小鼠之间，III型干扰素的免疫调节作用也存在重大差异。在此，我们描述了I型和III型干扰素的不同特性，并提出了SARS-CoV-2感染期间干扰素反应的模型，同时强调了III型干扰素在COVID-19中的优越潜力。
