Ziema Sorengmen Amos, Asem Livingstone
Department of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Nov 4;20(1):1013. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05865-4.
Immunization has been an important public health intervention for preventing and reducing child morbidity and mortality over the years and coverage has increased in the past decades. However, the validity of the data from immunization coverages is usually disputed. Immunization data from health facilities show poor concordance between tallied registers and monthly reports as they are reported to higher levels of the health system. The study assessed the quality of data from routine immunization of some health facilities in the Ho central municipality in the Volta region of Ghana.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to review routine immunization data in tallied registers and reports submitted to the Municipal Health Directorate (MHD) from January to December, 2015. Simple random sampling was used to select three health facilities in Ho central municipality. The World Health Organization (WHO) Data Quality Self-assessment (DQS) tool was the main instrument used to present and analyze data for accuracy and discrepancy level between the tallied registers and reports. A template was created in Microsoft excel which automatically presented accuracy and discrepancy levels when data was entered. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee.
The result showed discrepancies between recounted tallies at the facilities and reports submitted to the MHD. Accuracy ratios of 102, 64 and 94% for Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Pentavalent (Penta) vaccine dose 3 and Measles 2 respectively indicating underreporting for BCG and over reporting for the rest were obtained. There was 460 over reported data to the municipal level representing accuracy ratio of 80% and discrepancy level of 20%.
Immunization data was characterized by underreporting and overreporting, hence not accurate and lacked quality. Immunization data quality should be a priority among health staff at health facilities.
多年来，免疫接种一直是预防和降低儿童发病率及死亡率的一项重要公共卫生干预措施，且在过去几十年中覆盖率有所提高。然而，免疫接种覆盖率数据的有效性通常存在争议。卫生机构的免疫接种数据显示，在向卫生系统更高层级报告时，核对登记册与月度报告之间的一致性较差。本研究评估了加纳沃尔特地区霍中央市一些卫生机构常规免疫接种数据的质量。
采用描述性横断面研究，回顾2015年1月至12月提交给市卫生局（MHD）的核对登记册和报告中的常规免疫接种数据。采用简单随机抽样方法在霍中央市选择了三家卫生机构。世界卫生组织（WHO）数据质量自我评估（DQS）工具是用于呈现和分析核对登记册与报告之间数据准确性和差异水平的主要工具。在Microsoft excel中创建了一个模板，输入数据时可自动呈现准确性和差异水平。该研究获得了加纳卫生服务伦理审查委员会的伦理批准。
结果显示，各机构重新核对的计数与提交给MHD的报告之间存在差异。卡介苗（BCG）、五价疫苗第3剂和麻疹第2剂的准确率分别为102%、64%和94% -- 这表明卡介苗存在漏报，其余疫苗存在多报情况。向市级多报的数据有460条，准确率为80%，差异率为20%。
免疫接种数据存在漏报和多报的情况，因此不准确且缺乏质量。免疫接种数据质量应成为卫生机构卫生工作人员的首要任务。
