Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
Sci Adv. 2020 Nov 4;6(45). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4891. Print 2020 Nov.
Understanding anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems requires investigating feedback processes between ecological and economic dynamics. While network ecology has advanced our understanding of large-scale communities, it has not robustly coupled economic drivers of anthropogenic impact to ecological outcomes. Leveraging allometric trophic network models, we study such integrated economic-ecological dynamics in the case of fishery sustainability. We incorporate economic drivers of fishing effort into food-web network models, evaluating the dynamics of thousands of single-species fisheries across hundreds of simulated food webs under fixed-effort and open-access management strategies. Analyzing simulation results reveals that harvesting species with high population biomass can initially support fishery persistence but threatens long-term economic and ecological sustainability by indirectly inducing extinction cascades in non-harvested species. This dynamic is exacerbated in open-access fisheries where profit-driven growth in fishing effort increases perturbation strength. Our results demonstrate how network theory provides necessary ecological context when considering the sustainability of economically dynamic fishing effort.
理解人为活动对生态系统的影响需要调查生态和经济动态之间的反馈过程。虽然网络生态学已经提高了我们对大规模群落的理解，但它并没有将人为影响的经济驱动因素与生态结果有力地结合起来。利用种间关联营养网络模型，我们以渔业可持续性为例研究这种综合的经济-生态动态。我们将捕捞努力的经济驱动因素纳入食物网网络模型中，在固定努力和开放获取管理策略下，评估了数百个模拟食物网中数千个单一物种渔业的动态。分析模拟结果表明，捕捞具有高种群生物量的物种最初可以支持渔业的持续发展，但通过间接引发未捕捞物种的灭绝级联，威胁到长期的经济和生态可持续性。在开放获取渔业中，这种动态更为加剧，因为利润驱动的捕捞努力增长增加了扰动强度。我们的结果表明，当考虑经济动态捕捞努力的可持续性时，网络理论如何提供必要的生态背景。
