Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 9;14(16):3257. doi: 10.3390/nu14163257.
The impact of glucose and fructose supplementation on acute cardiac effects during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a topic that is rarely investigated. The aim of the presented secondary outcome analysis of a double-blind, randomized crossover-controlled trial was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru), and sucralose on electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability (HRV), premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), and heart rate turn points (HRTP) during CPET. Fourteen healthy individuals (age 25.4 ± 2.5 years, body mass index (BMI) 23.7 ± 1.7 kg/m, body mass (BM) of 76.3 ± 12.3 kg) participated in this study, of which 12 were included for analysis. Participants received 1 g/kg BM of Glu, 1 g/kg BM of Fru, 0.5 g/kg BM of GluFru (each), and 0.2 g sucralose dissolved in 300 mL 30 min prior to each exercise session. No relevant clinical pathology or significant inter-individual differences between our participants could be revealed for baseline ECG parameters, such as heart rate (HR) (mean HR 70 ± 16 bpm), PQ interval (146 ± 20 ms), QRS interval (87 ± 16 ms) and the QT (405 ± 39 ms), and QTc interval (431 ± 15 ms). We found preserved cardiac autonomic function by analyzing the acute effects of different Glu, Fru, GluFru, or sucralose supplementation on cardiac autonomic function by Schellong-1 testing. SDNN and RMSSD revealed normal sympathetic and parasympathetic activities displaying a balanced system of cardiac autonomic regulation across our participating subjects with no impact on the metabolism. During CPET performance analyses, HRV values did not indicate significant changes between the ingested drinks within the different time points. Comparing the HRTP of the CPET with endurance testing by variable metabolic conditions, no significant differences were found between the HRTP of the CPET data (170 ± 12 bpm), Glu (171 ± 10 bpm), Fru (171 ± 9 bpm), GluFru (172 ± 9 bpm), and sucralose (170 ± 8 bpm) ( = 0.83). Additionally, the obtained time to reach HRTP did not significantly differ between Glu (202 ± 75 s), Fru (190 ± 88 s), GluFru (210 ± 89 s), and sucralose (190 ± 34 s) ( = 0.59). The significance of this study lies in evaluating the varying metabolic conditions on cardiac autonomic modulation in young healthy individuals. In contrast, our participants showed comparable cardiac autonomic responses determined by ECG and CPET.
葡萄糖和果糖补充对心肺运动测试 (CPET) 期间急性心脏效应的影响是一个很少被研究的话题。本研究对一项双盲、随机交叉对照试验的次要结局进行了二次分析，旨在研究葡萄糖 (Glu)、果糖 (Fru)、Glu 和 Fru (GluFru) 以及蔗糖对 CPET 期间心电图 (ECG)、心率变异性 (HRV)、室性期前收缩 (PVCs) 和心率转折点 (HRTP) 的影响。14 名健康个体（年龄 25.4 ± 2.5 岁，体重指数 (BMI) 23.7 ± 1.7 kg/m，体重 (BM) 76.3 ± 12.3 kg）参与了这项研究，其中 12 名参与者被纳入分析。参与者在每次运动前 30 分钟内接受 1 g/kg BM 的 Glu、1 g/kg BM 的 Fru、0.5 g/kg BM 的 GluFru（各）和 0.2 g 蔗糖溶解在 300 mL 中。我们没有发现基线 ECG 参数（如心率 (HR)（平均 HR 70 ± 16 bpm）、PQ 间隔 (146 ± 20 ms)、QRS 间隔 (87 ± 16 ms) 和 QT (405 ± 39 ms)）和 QTc 间隔 (431 ± 15 ms) 有任何相关的临床病理学或显著的个体间差异。通过 Schellong-1 测试分析不同 Glu、Fru、GluFru 或蔗糖补充对心脏自主功能的急性影响，我们发现保留了心脏自主功能。SDNN 和 RMSSD 显示正常的交感和副交感活动，显示出心脏自主调节系统的平衡，我们的参与受试者没有对代谢产生影响。在 CPET 性能分析中，HRV 值在不同时间点之间的摄入饮料之间没有显示出显著变化。比较不同代谢条件下 CPET 和耐力测试的 HRTP，CPET 数据的 HRTP（170 ± 12 bpm）、Glu（171 ± 10 bpm）、Fru（171 ± 9 bpm）、GluFru（172 ± 9 bpm）和蔗糖（170 ± 8 bpm）之间没有发现显著差异（= 0.83）。此外，Glu（202 ± 75 s）、Fru（190 ± 88 s）、GluFru（210 ± 89 s）和蔗糖（190 ± 34 s）达到 HRTP 的时间也没有显著差异（= 0.59）。这项研究的意义在于评估不同代谢条件对年轻健康个体心脏自主调节的影响。相比之下，我们的参与者通过心电图和 CPET 表现出可比的心脏自主反应。
