Association Between Lifestyle and Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Young Adults: A National, Survey-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION

The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in young adults is increasing worldwide in association with modifiable risk factors.

AIM

To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in young adults participating to a screening campaign during the World Hypertension Day (17/05/2014), and to determine the possible association with lifestyle factors.

METHODS

493 individuals aged 18-35 years were selected in 13 Italian cities. All participants underwent BP measurement together with the administration of a questionnaire exploring: medical and drug history; traditional cardiovascular risk factors and diseases; dietary pattern; salt intake; sleep habits; mood disorders.

RESULTS

High BP (≥140/90 mmHg) was found in 54 individuals, with a prevalence of 11% and awareness of 28%. Those with high BP values were more frequently men, reported a higher BMI and a greater use of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and had a lower anxiety score. Concerning dietary habits, they were more likely to eat cheese/cold cuts ≥3 times/week, to have their meals out ≥1/day and to eat in fast foods ≥1/week. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex [OR 3.19, 95% CI (1.33-7.63)], BMI [OR 1.14 95% CI (1.04-1.25)], eating in fast foods [OR 3.10 95% CI (1.21-7.95)], and anxiety [OR 0.85 95% CI (0.75-0.97)], were independently associated with high BP.

CONCLUSIONS

High BP values were found in 11 % young adults. Male sex, adiposity and alimentary habits were the main determinants of high BP values, indicating that young men are a suitable target for healthy lifestyle interventions.