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不同可再生材料作为可持续阻燃剂原料的适用性和改性。

Suitability and Modification of Different Renewable Materials as Feedstock for Sustainable Flame Retardants.

机构信息

Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.

IMT-Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 Alès CEDEX, France.

出版信息

Molecules. 2020 Nov 4;25(21):5122. doi: 10.3390/molecules25215122.

DOI:10.3390/molecules25215122
PMID:33158075
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7662329/
Abstract

Due to their chemical structure, conventional flame retardants are often toxic, barely biodegradable and consequently neither healthy nor environmentally friendly. Their use is therefore increasingly limited by regulations. For this reason, research on innovative flame retardants based on sustainable materials is the main focus of this work. Wheat starch, wheat protein, xylan and tannin were modified with phosphate salts in molten urea. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of phosphates (up to 48 wt.%) and nitrogen (up to 22 wt.%). The derivatives were applied on wood fibers and tested as flame retardants. The results indicate that these modified biopolymers can provide the same flame-retardant performances as commercial compounds currently used in the wood fiber industry. Besides, the flame retardancy smoldering effects may also be reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers depending on the used biopolymer. These results show that different biopolymers modified in phosphate/urea systems are a serious alternative to conventional flame retardants.

摘要

由于其化学结构，传统的阻燃剂往往具有毒性，生物降解性差，因此既不健康也不环保。因此，其使用受到越来越多的法规限制。出于这个原因，基于可持续材料的创新阻燃剂的研究是这项工作的主要重点。在熔融尿素中用磷酸盐对小麦淀粉、小麦蛋白、木聚糖和单宁进行改性。功能化导致磷酸根（高达 48wt.%）和氮（高达 22wt.%）的掺入。将这些衍生物应用于木纤维并用作阻燃剂进行测试。结果表明，这些改性生物聚合物可以提供与目前用于纤维行业的商业化合物相同的阻燃性能。此外，根据所用生物聚合物的不同，与未改性的木纤维相比，阻燃闷烧效果也可能降低。这些结果表明，在磷酸盐/尿素体系中改性的不同生物聚合物是传统阻燃剂的一种可行替代品。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/56a1ebe20c25/molecules-25-05122-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/4942f5eee2b0/molecules-25-05122-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/e5402b75165e/molecules-25-05122-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/6d18583b400e/molecules-25-05122-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/65ce8410ff46/molecules-25-05122-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/7d1f66b6ba9c/molecules-25-05122-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/fe5120cf72a5/molecules-25-05122-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/3f40b785605a/molecules-25-05122-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/60a8bb25f9a5/molecules-25-05122-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/56a1ebe20c25/molecules-25-05122-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/4942f5eee2b0/molecules-25-05122-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/e5402b75165e/molecules-25-05122-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/6d18583b400e/molecules-25-05122-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/65ce8410ff46/molecules-25-05122-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/7d1f66b6ba9c/molecules-25-05122-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/fe5120cf72a5/molecules-25-05122-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/3f40b785605a/molecules-25-05122-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/60a8bb25f9a5/molecules-25-05122-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fcbe/7662329/56a1ebe20c25/molecules-25-05122-g009.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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2
Thermal characterization of ammonium starch phosphate carbamates for potential applications as bio-based flame-retardants.作为生物基阻燃剂的潜在应用，对淀粉磷酸酯氨基甲酸铵的热特性进行研究。
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Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms-Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?
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Flammability Tests and Investigations of Properties of Lignin-Containing Polymer Composites Based on Acrylates.基于丙烯酸酯的含木质素聚合物复合材料的可燃性测试及性能研究。
Molecules. 2020 Dec 15;25(24):5947. doi: 10.3390/molecules25245947.
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Materials (Basel). 2010 Sep 30;3(10):4710-4745. doi: 10.3390/ma3104710.
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Halogenated flame retardants: do the fire safety benefits justify the risks?卤代阻燃剂：消防安全效益是否超过其风险？
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An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release.商业使用的溴化阻燃剂概述、其应用、在不同国家/地区的使用模式以及可能的释放方式。
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