Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
Biomolecules. 2020 Jul 11;10(7):1038. doi: 10.3390/biom10071038.
To improve sustainability of polymers and to reduce carbon footprint, polymers from renewable resources are given significant attention due to the developing concern over environmental protection. The renewable materials are progressively used in many technical applications instead of short-term-use products. However, among other applications, the flame retardancy of such polymers needs to be improved for technical applications due to potential fire risk and their involvement in our daily life. To overcome this potential risk, various flame retardants (FRs) compounds based on conventional and non-conventional approaches such as inorganic FRs, nitrogen-based FRs, halogenated FRs and nanofillers were synthesized. However, most of the conventional FRs are non-biodegradable and if disposed in the landfill, microorganisms in the soil or water cannot degrade them. Hence, they remain in the environment for long time and may find their way not only in the food chain but can also easily attach to any airborne particle and can travel distances and may end up in freshwater, food products, ecosystems, or even can be inhaled if they are present in the air. Furthermore, it is not a good choice to use non-biodegradable FRs in biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants used in polymeric materials.
为了提高聚合物的可持续性并减少碳足迹，由于人们对环境保护的关注不断增加，来自可再生资源的聚合物受到了极大的关注。可再生材料逐渐被用于许多技术应用中，而不是短期使用的产品。然而，在其他应用中，由于潜在的火灾风险以及它们在我们日常生活中的参与，这些聚合物的阻燃性需要得到改善。为了克服这种潜在风险，已经合成了各种基于常规和非常规方法的阻燃剂 (FR) 化合物，例如无机 FR、含氮 FR、卤化 FR 和纳米填料。然而，大多数常规 FR 是不可生物降解的，如果被丢弃在垃圾填埋场中，土壤或水中的微生物无法降解它们。因此，它们会在环境中存在很长时间，不仅可能进入食物链，而且很容易附着在任何空气传播的颗粒上，并可以传播很远的距离，最终可能进入淡水、食品、生态系统，甚至如果它们存在于空气中，也可能被吸入。此外，在可生物降解聚合物如聚乳酸 (PLA) 中使用不可生物降解的 FR 不是一个好选择。因此，本文的目的是促进在聚合物材料中使用可生物降解和基于生物的化合物作为阻燃剂。
