Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Nutr J. 2020 Nov 6;19(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-00639-4.
Spices are the esoteric food adjuncts that are used for enhancing the sensory quality of the food in Punjabi diets and add many health benefits. Estimating the intake of spices at the individual level is a challenging task as they are consumed in very small quantities as compared to other foods. The present study aimed to assess the intake and spices consumption level of spices among urban and rural households.
A study was carried out among 100 households each from urban and rural areas from Ludhiana district of Punjab, India to collect the information regarding frequency of spice usage and portion sizes using a questionnaire. The information pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics of female respondents from urban and rural households were also collected. The commonly used 25 spices in Punjabi diets were selected to assess their dietary intake at the individual level among households.
Spice consumption frequency was more in urban households in comparison to rural households. The maximum mean consumption frequency score among urban and rural households was observed for red chilli powder (5.00) and turmeric powder (5.00). Maximum percentage (76 and 72%) of urban and rural households preferred to use the unroasted form of spices, respectively. The highest mean intake and range was observed for red chilli powder (3.19 g with range 0.35-5.23 g) among urban women and (2.41 g with range 0.25-3.75 g) for rural women. Spice intake from individual dishes showed the maximum number of portion sizes for red chilli powder that were from vegetable>dhal > curry preparations among urban and dhal > vegetable>curry preparation among rural households. Average amount of spices consumed by urban adult women was 10.04 g per day which was higher as compared to spices consumed by rural adult women per day (7.68 g).
The study concluded that the urban households showed higher consumption of spices as compared to rural households thus assessing the quantifying intake of spices. Urban adult women consumed more spices per day as compared to rural women. Therefore, more encouragement for increased use of spices is required to reap various health benefits of spices in combating metabolic disorders.
香料是神秘的食物添加剂，用于增强旁遮普饮食的感官质量，并带来许多健康益处。估计个人摄入的香料量是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为与其他食物相比，它们的摄入量非常小。本研究旨在评估城市和农村家庭中香料的摄入量和消费水平。
在印度旁遮普省卢迪亚纳地区，从城市和农村地区各抽取 100 户家庭进行研究，使用问卷收集有关香料使用频率和份量的信息。还收集了城市和农村家庭中女性受访者的社会人口特征信息。选择了 25 种常用的旁遮普香料来评估家庭中个体的饮食摄入量。
与农村家庭相比，城市家庭的香料消费频率更高。城市和农村家庭中红辣椒粉（5.00）和姜黄粉（5.00）的最高平均消费频率得分。分别有 76%和 72%的城市和农村家庭更喜欢使用未烘焙形式的香料。城市妇女的红辣椒粉摄入量最高（平均摄入量为 3.19g，范围为 0.35-5.23g），农村妇女的红辣椒粉摄入量最高（平均摄入量为 2.41g，范围为 0.25-3.75g）。从个体菜肴中摄入的香料显示，红辣椒粉的份数最多，城市家庭中是蔬菜>豆类>咖喱制剂，而农村家庭中则是豆类>蔬菜>咖喱制剂。城市成年女性平均每天食用 10.04g 香料，高于农村成年女性每天食用的香料量（7.68g）。
该研究得出结论，与农村家庭相比，城市家庭的香料消费量更高，从而评估了香料的定量摄入量。城市成年女性每天摄入的香料量多于农村女性。因此，需要鼓励更多地使用香料，以获得香料在对抗代谢紊乱方面的各种健康益处。
