University of Minnesota Medical Center, Department of Urology, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, St Paul, MN, USA.
Nat Rev Urol. 2020 Dec;17(12):691-705. doi: 10.1038/s41585-020-00387-4. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
The prevalence of urolithiasis in humans is increasing worldwide; however, non-surgical treatment and prevention options remain limited despite decades of investigation. Most existing laboratory animal models for urolithiasis rely on highly artificial methods of stone induction and, as a result, might not be fully applicable to the study of natural stone initiation and growth. Animal models that naturally and spontaneously form uroliths are an underused resource in the study of human stone disease and offer many potential opportunities for improving insight into stone pathogenesis. These models include domestic dogs and cats, as well as a variety of other captive and wild species, such as otters, dolphins and ferrets, that form calcium oxalate, struvite, uric acid, cystine and other stone types. Improved collaboration between urologists, basic scientists and veterinarians is warranted to further our understanding of how stones form and to consider possible new preventive and therapeutic treatment options.
全球范围内，人类尿石症的患病率正在不断增加；然而，尽管已经进行了数十年的研究，非手术治疗和预防选择仍然有限。大多数现有的尿石症实验动物模型依赖于高度人为的结石诱导方法，因此可能不完全适用于天然结石起始和生长的研究。在人类结石病的研究中，自然和自发形成尿石的动物模型是一种未充分利用的资源，为深入了解结石发病机制提供了许多潜在的机会。这些模型包括家犬和家猫，以及各种其他圈养和野生动物，如水獭、海豚和雪貂，它们形成草酸钙、鸟粪石、尿酸、胱氨酸和其他类型的结石。泌尿科医生、基础科学家和兽医之间需要进一步合作，以提高我们对结石形成方式的理解，并考虑可能的新预防和治疗选择。
