Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
Anal Methods. 2020 Nov 28;12(44):5266-5321. doi: 10.1039/d0ay01521k. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
The development of analytical techniques for antioxidant compounds is important, because antioxidants that can inactivate reactive species and radicals are health-beneficial compounds, also used in the preservation of food and protection of almost every kind of organic substance from oxidation. Energetic substances include explosives, pyrotechnics, propellants and fuels, and their determination at bulk/trace levels is important for the safety and well-being of modern societies exposed to various security threats. Most of the time, in field/on site detection of these important analytes necessitates the use of colorimetric sensors and probes enabling naked-eye detection, or low-cost and easy-to-use fluorometric sensors. The use of nanosensors brings important advantages to this field of analytical chemistry due to their various physico-chemical advantages of increased surface area, surface plasmon resonance absorption of noble metal nanoparticles, and superior enzyme-mimic catalytic properties. Thus, this critical review focuses on the design strategies for colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes in characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. In this regard, the main themes and properties in optical sensor design are defined and classified. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors/probes are discussed with respect to their mechanisms of operation, namely formation and growth of noble metal nanoparticles, their aggregation and disaggregation, displacement of active constituents by complexation or electrostatic interaction, miscellaneous mechanisms, and the choice of metallic oxide nanoparticles taking part in such formulations.
抗氧化化合物分析技术的发展非常重要，因为能使活性物质和自由基失活的抗氧化剂是对健康有益的化合物，也可用于食品保存以及保护各种有机物质免受氧化。含能物质包括爆炸物、烟火剂、推进剂和燃料，其在大量/痕量水平上的测定对面临各种安全威胁的现代社会的安全和福祉非常重要。在大多数情况下，现场/现场检测这些重要分析物需要使用比色传感器和探针，以便进行肉眼检测，或者使用低成本且易于使用的荧光传感器。由于纳米传感器具有增加的表面积、贵金属纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振吸收以及优越的酶模拟催化性能等各种物理化学优势，因此它们在分析化学领域带来了重要优势。因此，本综述重点关注了用于表征抗氧化剂和含能物质的比色传感器和纳米探针的设计策略。在这方面，定义并分类了光学传感器设计的主要主题和特性。还讨论了基于纳米材料的光学传感器/探针的操作机制，即贵金属纳米粒子的形成和生长、它们的聚集和分散、通过络合或静电相互作用置换活性成分、各种机制以及参与此类配方的金属氧化物纳米粒子的选择。
