Synergistic Effect of IAGS 199 and Putrescine on Alleviating Cadmium-Induced Phytotoxicity in .

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and putrescine (Put) have shown a promising role in the mitigation of abiotic stresses in plants. The present study was anticipated to elucidate the potential of IAGS 199 and Put in mitigation of cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in . Cadmium toxicity decreased growth, photosynthetic rate, gas exchange attributes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings. Moreover, higher levels of protein and non-protein bound thiols besides increased Cd contents were also observed in Cd-stressed plants. IAGS 199 and Put, alone or in combination, reduced electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (HO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in treated plants. Synergistic effect of IAGS 199 and Put significantly enhanced the activity of stress-responsive enzymes including peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, Put and microbial interaction enhanced the amount of proline, soluble sugars, and total soluble proteins in plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Data obtained during the current study advocates that application of IAGS 199 and Put establish a synergistic role in the mitigation of Cd-induced stress through modulating physiochemical features of plants.