Saboor Abdul, Ali Muhammad Arif, Hussain Shabir, El Enshasy Hesham A, Hussain Sajjad, Ahmed Niaz, Gafur Abdul, Sayyed R Z, Fahad Shah, Danish Subhan, Datta Rahul
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Nov;28(11):6339-6351. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.096. Epub 2021 Jul 3.
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required to enhance crop growth and yield. In the arid - semiarid region, Zn deficiency is expected due to alkaline calcareous soil. Contrarily, Zn toxicity is also becoming an environmental concern due to increasing anthropogenic activities (metal smelting, copper industry, etc.). Therefore, balanced Zn application is necessary to save resources and achieve optimum crop growth and yield. Most scientists suggest biological approaches to overcome the problem of Zn toxicity and deficiency. These biological approaches are mostly environment-friendly and cost-effective. In these biological approaches, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) symbiosis is becoming popular. It can provide tolerance to the host plant against Zn-induced stress. Inoculation of AMF helps in balance uptake of Zn and enhances the growth and yield of crops. On the other hand, maize ( L.) is an important cereal crop due to its multifarious uses. As maize is an effective host for mycorrhizae symbiosis, that's why this review was written to elaborate on the beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The review aimed to glance at the recent advances in the use of AMF to enhance nutrient uptake, especially Zn. It was also aimed to discuss the mechanism of AMF to overcome the toxic effect of Zn. We have also discussed the detailed mechanism and physiological improvement in the maize plant. In conclusion, AMF can play an imperative role in improving maize growth, yield, and balance uptake of Zn by alleviating Zn stress and mitigating its toxicity.
锌（Zn）是促进作物生长和提高产量所必需的微量营养元素。在干旱半干旱地区，由于碱性石灰性土壤，预计会出现锌缺乏的情况。相反，由于人为活动（金属冶炼、铜工业等）的增加，锌毒性也日益成为一个环境问题。因此，平衡施用锌对于节约资源和实现作物最佳生长及产量至关重要。大多数科学家建议采用生物学方法来解决锌毒性和缺乏问题。这些生物学方法大多对环境友好且具有成本效益。在这些生物学方法中，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）共生的应用越来越普遍。它可以使宿主植物耐受锌诱导的胁迫。接种AMF有助于锌的平衡吸收，并提高作物的生长和产量。另一方面，玉米（L.）因其多种用途而成为一种重要的谷类作物。由于玉米是菌根共生的有效宿主，因此撰写本综述以阐述丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的有益作用。该综述旨在审视利用AMF提高养分吸收，尤其是锌吸收方面的最新进展。它还旨在讨论AMF克服锌毒性作用的机制。我们还讨论了玉米植株中的详细机制和生理改善情况。总之，AMF可以通过减轻锌胁迫和降低其毒性，在改善玉米生长、产量以及锌的平衡吸收方面发挥重要作用。
