Zhao Shuang, Gao Qi, Rong Chengbo, Wang Shouxian, Zhao Zhekun, Liu Yu, Xu Jianping
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Nov 8;6(4):269. doi: 10.3390/jof6040269.
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
几个世纪以来，蘑菇一直被人类视为食物和健康补充剂。它们富含膳食纤维、必需氨基酸、矿物质以及许多生物活性化合物，尤其是那些与人体免疫系统功能相关的化合物。蘑菇含有多种免疫调节化合物，如萜类和萜类化合物、凝集素、真菌免疫调节蛋白（FIPs）和多糖。这些化合物的分布因蘑菇种类而异，其强大的免疫调节活性也因其核心结构和组分化学修饰的不同而有所变化。在此，我们综述了关于蘑菇及蘑菇产品免疫调节活性的临床研究现状。总结了它们在体外和体内发挥作用的潜在机制。我们描述了从蘑菇中提取生物活性化合物的开发和应用所采用的方法。这些进展已促使大量蘑菇产品实现商业化。最后，我们讨论了蘑菇及蘑菇产品在药理学应用中存在的问题，并强调了在蘑菇免疫调节化合物能够广泛用作治疗药物之前应加以改进的几个方面。
