Molehin Adebayo J
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Res Rep Trop Med. 2020 Nov 2;11:119-128. doi: 10.2147/RRTM.S274518. eCollection 2020.
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease inflicting significant morbidity in humans worldwide. The disease is caused by infections with a parasitic trematode belonging to the genus . Over 250 million people are currently infected globally, with an estimated disability-adjusted life-years of 1.9 million attributed to the disease. Current understanding, based on several immunological studies using experimental and human models of schistosomiasis, reveals that complex immune mechanisms play off each other in the acquisition of immune resistance to infection/reinfection. Nevertheless, the precise characteristics of these responses, the specific antigens against which they are elicited, and how these responses are intricately regulated are still being investigated. What is apparent is that immunity to schistosome infections develops slowly and over a prolonged period of time, augmented by the death of adult worms occurring naturally or by praziquantel therapy. In this review, aspects of immunity to schistosomiasis, host-parasite interactions and their impact on schistosomiasis vaccine development are discussed.
血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，在全球范围内给人类带来了严重的发病率。该疾病是由感染属于血吸虫属的寄生吸虫引起的。目前全球有超过2.5亿人感染，估计该疾病导致的伤残调整生命年为190万。基于使用血吸虫病实验模型和人体模型的多项免疫学研究，目前的认识表明，复杂的免疫机制在获得对感染/再感染的免疫抗性过程中相互作用。然而，这些反应的精确特征、引发这些反应的特定抗原以及这些反应是如何被复杂调节的仍在研究中。显而易见的是，对血吸虫感染的免疫力发展缓慢且持续时间长，自然发生的成虫死亡或吡喹酮治疗会增强这种免疫力。在这篇综述中，将讨论血吸虫病免疫、宿主-寄生虫相互作用及其对血吸虫病疫苗开发的影响等方面。
