Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Indian male fern (), operational parameters, characterization and bioactivity on venom neutralization.

Snakebite is considered as one of the acute severe medical problems across the world. Snake venoms composed of various group of toxins, enzymes and non-toxic enzymes. Phospholipases A present in snake venom plays a significant role in lipid signalling and contributes to different inflammation in the human body. rhizomes have antioxidant, antimicrobial property and used to treat lesions, gonorrhoea, sores, muscular pain, rheumatic and also useful in dog and snake bites. In this study, Indian male fern rhizomes have been used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the aim to increase the bioactivity of plant extract and to evaluate snake venom inhibition activity of prepared nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with the help of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and atomic force microscopy. venom inhibition activity of nanoparticles was performed using phospholipases A assay and tissue damage activity. The results showed that surface plasmon resonance maxima peaks of nanoparticles were observed at 424 nm. Average particle size was around 35 nm, with a spherical shape. Neutralization results exhibited that synthesized silver nanoparticles from decreased percentage of tissue damage, resulting in significant inhibition of phospholipase A and snake venom. Results concluded that green synthesized silver nanoparticles from rhizome neutralize snake venom activity.