Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria.
Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 10;751:141830. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141830. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
This systematic review presents the potential toxicity of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) in raw cow milk, focusing on their contamination sources and on the assessment of the related human health risk. Multiple keywords such as "raw cow milk, heavy metals, and human health" were used to search in related databases. A total of 60 original articles published since 2010 reporting the levels of these metals in raw cow's milk across the world were reviewed. Data showed that the highest levels of Ni (833 mg/L), Pb (60 mg/L), Cu (36 mg/L) were noticed in raw cow milk collected in area consists of granites and granite gneisses in India, while the highest level of Cd (12 mg/L) was reported in barite mining area in India. Fe values in raw cow milk samples were above the WHO maximum limit (0.37 mg/L) with highest values (37.02 mg/L) recorded in India. The highest Al level was (22.50 mg/L) reported for raw cow's milk collected close to food producing plants region in Turkey. The Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) values of Hg were below 1 suggesting that milk consumers are not at a non-carcinogenic risk except in Faisalabad province (Pakistan) where THQ values = 7.7. For the other heavy metals, the THQ values were >1 for Pb (10 regions out of 70), for Cd (6 regions out of 59), for Ni (3 out of 29), and for Cu (3 out of 54). Exposure to heavy metals is positively associated with diseases developments. Moreover, data actualization and continuous monitoring are necessary and recommended to evaluate heavy metals effects in future studies.
本系统评价重点关注重金属（如铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）、铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）、铝（Al）和铜（Cu））在生牛乳中的潜在毒性，包括其污染来源以及相关人类健康风险评估。使用了“生牛乳、重金属和人类健康”等多个关键词在相关数据库中进行搜索。共查阅了自 2010 年以来全世界关于这些金属在生牛乳中含量的 60 篇原始文章。数据显示，在印度由花岗岩和花岗片麻岩组成的地区采集的生牛乳中，Ni（833mg/L）、Pb（60mg/L）、Cu（36mg/L）的含量最高，而印度重晶石矿区则报告了最高水平的 Cd（12mg/L）。生牛乳样品中的 Fe 值超过了世界卫生组织的最大限量（0.37mg/L），印度的最高值（37.02mg/L）。在土耳其靠近食品生产厂地区采集的生牛乳中，Al 含量最高（22.50mg/L）。Hg 的目标危害系数（THQ）值低于 1，这表明除巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德省（THQ 值=7.7）外，牛奶消费者不存在非致癌风险。对于其他重金属，Pb（70 个地区中有 10 个）、Cd（59 个地区中有 6 个）、Ni（29 个地区中有 3 个）和 Cu（54 个地区中有 3 个）的 THQ 值均>1。暴露于重金属与疾病的发展呈正相关。此外，数据的更新和持续监测对于在未来研究中评估重金属的影响是必要且值得推荐的。
