Moftian Nazila, Arfaeinia Hossein, Soleimani Farshid, Dadipoor Sara, Dehghani Somayyeh, Rahimi Nayereh Rezaie, Aghel Maryam, Hatami Mohammad Mahdi
Assistant Professor of Health Information Management, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran.
Addiction and Lifestyle Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04595-0.
Breast milk from passive smokers may contain various harmful chemical components, primarily due to exposure to tobacco smoke. This systematic review was conducted on the chemical components of breast milk in women who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). English language-published papers were advanced searched without time limitation until April, 2024 in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 1156 papers were recorded in the initial search of these databases. Finally, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. Our results showed that metals (n = 10) and heterocyclic compounds (n = 9) (cotinine, nicotine, and nornicotine) were the most commonly reported compounds in the included studies. Cotinine was the most frequently reported compound in mature milk (n = 9) and colostrum (n = 3). Among metals in mature milk, cadmium (n = 8) and lead (n = 6) are the most common compounds. Metals in colostrum were just reported in one study. The cancer risk (CR) values showed a decreasing pattern in the order of Sr > Mn > U > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Cd > Be for both aged infant groups. Parents should be encouraged to not smoke, as well as must be advised of the potential risks of ETS exposure to their babies. It is recommended that routine and continuous monitoring of probable sources of chemical contamination of breast milk due to environmental exposures should be done to discover the influencing factors and develop suitable interventions for decreasing the exposure/contamination.
被动吸烟者的母乳可能含有各种有害化学成分，主要是由于接触烟草烟雾。本系统综述针对暴露于环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的女性母乳中的化学成分展开。在Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus数据库中对截至2024年4月无时间限制的英文发表论文进行了高级检索。在这些数据库的初始检索中共记录了1156篇论文。最终，18篇文章符合纳入标准并被纳入。我们的结果表明，金属（n = 10）和杂环化合物（n = 9）（可替宁、尼古丁和去甲烟碱）是纳入研究中最常报告的化合物。可替宁是成熟乳（n = 9）和初乳（n = 3）中最常报告的化合物。在成熟乳的金属中，镉（n = 8）和铅（n = 6）是最常见的化合物。初乳中的金属仅在一项研究中被报告。两个年龄组婴儿的癌症风险（CR）值呈现出Sr＞Mn＞U＞Co＞Pb＞Cr＞As＞Cd＞Be的递减模式。应鼓励父母不要吸烟，并必须告知他们婴儿暴露于环境烟草烟雾的潜在风险。建议对环境暴露导致母乳化学污染的可能来源进行常规和持续监测，以发现影响因素并制定适当的干预措施来减少暴露/污染。
