Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;262:128369. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128369. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
Due to the mounting evidence that phthalates, specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, produce adverse endocrine effects in humans and wildlife, the use of other chemicals as replacements has increased. One of the most commonly encountered phthalate replacements is di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). Currently, little is known about the prevalence of human exposure, bioactivity, and endocrine disrupting potential of DINCH. We sampled urine from 100 pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy living in Charleston, SC between 2011 and 2014 and measured the following DINCH metabolites by LC-MS/MS: cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester (OH-MINCH), cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(oxo-isononyl) ester (oxo-MINCH), and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester (cx-MINCH). These metabolites were also tested on human estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor beta transactivation assays in vitro. OH-MINCH was detected in 98% of urine samples. The specific gravity-adjusted median (interquartile range) OH-MINCH concentration was 0.20 (0.25) ng/mL, and concentrations were significantly higher in African American women compared to Caucasian women (p = 0.01). DINCH metabolite concentrations were consistent between years, and they did not exhibit estrogenic or progestogenic activity in vitro. Human exposure to these emerging compounds should continue to be monitored, especially in vulnerable populations, to ensure the replacement of phthalates by DINCH is not a case of regrettable substitution.
由于越来越多的证据表明邻苯二甲酸酯，特别是邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，会对人类和野生动物产生不良的内分泌影响，因此人们越来越多地使用其他化学物质作为替代品。其中最常见的邻苯二甲酸酯替代品之一是二（异壬基）环己烷-1,2-二羧酸酯（DINCH）。目前，人们对 DINCH 的人体接触、生物活性和内分泌干扰潜力的了解甚少。我们在 2011 年至 2014 年间从南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的 100 名孕妇的尿液中采集样本，并通过 LC-MS/MS 测量了以下 DINCH 代谢物：环己烷-1,2-二羧酸单（羟基异壬基）酯（OH-MINCH）、环己烷-1,2-二羧酸单（氧代异壬基）酯（oxo-MINCH）和环己烷-1,2-二羧酸单羧酸异辛基酯（cx-MINCH）。这些代谢物也在体外进行了人雌激素受体α和孕激素受体β转激活测定。在 98%的尿液样本中检测到了 OH-MINCH。经比重校正的中位数（四分位距）OH-MINCH 浓度为 0.20（0.25）ng/mL，且非裔美国女性的浓度明显高于白种女性（p=0.01）。DINCH 代谢物浓度在各年份间保持一致，且在体外无雌激素或孕激素活性。应继续监测这些新兴化合物在人体中的暴露情况，特别是在脆弱人群中，以确保 DINCH 替代邻苯二甲酸酯不会造成令人遗憾的替代。
