Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid, 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid, 47011, Spain.
Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid, 47011, Spain; Jacobs Engineering, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;262:128376. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128376. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Indoor air pollution has traditionally received less attention than outdoors pollution despite indoors pollutant levels are typically twice higher, and people spend 80-90% of their life in increasing air-tight buildings. More than 5 million people die every year prematurely from illnesses attributable to poor indoor air quality, which also causes multi-millionaire losses due to reduced employee's productivity, material damages and increased health system expenses. Indoor air pollutants include particulate matter, biological pollutants and over 400 different chemical organic and inorganic compounds, whose concentrations are governed by several outdoor and indoor factors. Prevention of pollutant is not always technically feasible, so the implementation of cost-effective active abatement units is required. Up to date no single physical-chemical technology is capable of coping with all indoor air pollutants in a cost-effective manner. This problem requires the use of sequential technology configurations at the expenses of superior capital and operating costs. In addition, the performance of conventional physical-chemical technologies is still limited by the low concentrations, the diversity and the variability of pollutants in indoor environments. In this context, biotechnologies have emerged as a cost-effective and sustainable platform capable of coping with these limitations based on the biocatalytic action of plants, bacteria, fungi and microalgae. Indeed, biological-based purification systems can improve the energy efficiency of buildings, while providing additional aesthetic and psychological benefits. This review critically assessed the state-of-the-art of the indoor air pollution problem and prevention strategies, along with the recent advances in physical-chemical and biological technologies for indoor pollutants abatement.
室内空气污染一直以来受到的关注都不如室外空气污染多，尽管室内污染物水平通常是室外的两倍，而且人们在越来越密封的建筑物中度过了 80-90%的生命。每年有超过 500 万人因室内空气质量差而过早死亡，这也导致了数百万美元的损失，原因是员工生产力下降、材料损坏和医疗系统支出增加。室内空气污染物包括颗粒物、生物污染物和 400 多种不同的化学有机和无机化合物，其浓度受到多种室外和室内因素的影响。污染物的预防并不总是在技术上可行的，因此需要实施具有成本效益的主动减排装置。到目前为止，没有一种单一的物理化学技术能够以具有成本效益的方式应对所有室内空气污染物。这个问题需要使用顺序技术配置来支付更高的资本和运营成本。此外，常规物理化学技术的性能仍然受到室内环境中污染物浓度低、多样性和可变性的限制。在这种情况下，生物技术作为一种具有成本效益和可持续性的平台出现了，它能够基于植物、细菌、真菌和微藻的生物催化作用来应对这些限制。事实上，基于生物的净化系统可以提高建筑物的能源效率，同时提供额外的美学和心理益处。本文批判性地评估了室内空气污染问题及其预防策略的最新进展，以及针对室内污染物减排的物理化学和生物技术的最新进展。
