Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Mar;78(6):2405-2418. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03701-w. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Membrane endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for the proper function of vascular endothelium. It might be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases to form soluble endoglin (sEng), which is released into the circulation. Metabolic syndrome comprises conditions/symptoms that usually coincide (endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity-related insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia), and are considered risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and liver disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge about the role of Eng and sEng in the disorders mentioned above, in vivo and in vitro extent, where we can find a wide range of contradictory results. We propose that reduced Eng expression is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction development in chronic pathologies related to metabolic syndrome. Eng expression is also essential for leukocyte transmigration and acute inflammation, suggesting that Eng is crucial for the regulation of endothelial function during the acute phase of vascular defense reaction to harmful conditions. sEng was shown to be a circulating biomarker of preeclampsia, and we propose that it might be a biomarker of metabolic syndrome-related symptoms and pathologies, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus as well, despite the fact that some contradictory findings have been reported. Besides, sEng can participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction and promote the development of arterial hypertension, suggesting that high levels of sEng promote metabolic syndrome symptoms and complications. Therefore, we suggest that the treatment of metabolic syndrome should take into account the importance of Eng in the endothelial function and levels of sEng as a biomarker and risk factor of related pathologies.
膜内皮糖蛋白（Eng，CD105）是血管内皮正常功能所必需的跨膜糖蛋白。它可能被基质金属蛋白酶切割形成可溶性内皮糖蛋白（sEng），并释放到循环中。代谢综合征包括通常同时发生的病症/症状（内皮功能障碍、动脉高血压、高血糖、肥胖相关胰岛素抵抗和高胆固醇血症），并被认为是动脉粥样硬化、2 型糖尿病和肝脏疾病等心血管代谢紊乱的危险因素。本综述的目的是强调 Eng 和 sEng 在上述疾病中的作用的最新知识，包括在体内和体外的程度，在这些研究中我们可以发现广泛的矛盾结果。我们提出，Eng 表达减少是与代谢综合征相关的慢性病理中内皮功能障碍发展的标志。Eng 表达对于白细胞迁移和急性炎症也是必不可少的，这表明在血管对有害条件的防御反应的急性期，Eng 对于内皮功能的调节至关重要。sEng 已被证明是子痫前期的循环生物标志物，我们提出它可能是代谢综合征相关症状和病理的生物标志物，包括高胆固醇血症、高血糖、动脉高血压和糖尿病，尽管已经报道了一些矛盾的发现。此外，sEng 可以参与内皮功能障碍的发展并促进动脉高血压的发展，这表明高水平的 sEng 会促进代谢综合征的症状和并发症。因此，我们建议代谢综合征的治疗应考虑到 Eng 在血管内皮功能中的重要性以及 sEng 作为生物标志物和相关病理风险因素的水平。
