Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:110445. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110445. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, especially when exposure occurs within sensitive time windows such as the pre- and post-natal periods and early childhood. However, few studies have focused on PFAS exposure distribution and predictors in pregnant women, especially among African American women. We quantified serum concentrations of the four most common PFAS collected in all 453 participants and an additional 10 PFAS in 356 participants who were pregnant African American women enrolled from 2014 to 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia, and investigated the sociodemographic predictors of exposure. Additional home environment and behavior predictors were also examined in 130 participants. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in >95% of the samples with PFOS having the highest concentrations (geometric mean (GM) 2.03 ng/mL). N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (NMeFOSAA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were found in 40-50% of the samples, whereas the detection frequencies for the other six PFAS were below 15%. When compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants matching sex, race, and age with this study, our results showed similar concentrations of most PFAS, but higher concentrations of PFHxS (GM 0.99 ng/mL in this study; 0.63 and 0.4 ng/mL in NHANES, 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 cycles). A decline in concentrations over the study period was found for most PFAS but not PFPeA. In adjusted models, education, sampling year, parity, BMI, tobacco and marijuana use, age of house, drinking water source, and cosmetic use were significantly associated with serum PFAS concentrations. Our study reports the first PFAS exposure data among pregnant African American women in the Atlanta area, Georgia. The identified predictors will facilitate the setting of research priorities and enable development of exposure mitigation strategies.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的暴露与不良健康结果有关，尤其是在围孕期和儿童早期等敏感窗口期暴露时。然而，很少有研究关注孕妇中 PFAS 暴露分布和预测因素，尤其是非裔美国孕妇。我们在所有 453 名参与者中定量检测了四种最常见的 PFAS 的血清浓度，并在 2014 年至 2018 年期间从佐治亚州亚特兰大招募的 356 名怀孕的非裔美国女性参与者中检测了另外 10 种 PFAS，并研究了暴露的社会人口学预测因素。在 130 名参与者中还检查了其他家庭环境和行为预测因素。在 >95%的样本中检测到全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟壬酸（PFNA），其中 PFOS 浓度最高（几何均值（GM）为 2.03ng/mL）。在 40-50%的样本中发现了 N-甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙酸（NMeFOSAA）、全氟戊酸（PFPeA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA），而其他六种 PFAS 的检测频率低于 15%。与这项研究中匹配性别、种族和年龄的国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）参与者相比，我们的结果显示大多数 PFAS 的浓度相似，但 PFHxS 的浓度更高（GM 为 0.99ng/mL；NHANES 2014-2015 年和 2016-2017 年周期分别为 0.63 和 0.4ng/mL）。大多数 PFAS 的浓度在研究期间呈下降趋势，但 PFPeA 除外。在调整后的模型中，教育程度、采样年份、产次、体重指数、烟草和大麻使用、房屋年龄、饮用水来源和化妆品使用与血清 PFAS 浓度显著相关。我们的研究报告了佐治亚州亚特兰大地区首例非裔美国孕妇 PFAS 暴露数据。确定的预测因素将有助于确定研究重点，并能够制定暴露缓解策略。
