1999 年至 2011 年间多民族中年女性体内全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的纵向趋势：全国妇女健康研究。
Longitudinal trends in perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances among multiethnic midlife women from 1999 to 2011: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
出版信息
Environ Int. 2020 Feb;135:105381. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105381. Epub 2019 Dec 13.
BACKGROUND
Limited information exists regarding longitudinal trends in midlife women's exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Further, little is known about how patterns of exposure differ by race/ethnicity and reproductive characteristics including parity and menopause.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine temporal variations in serum PFAS concentrations among midlife women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
METHODS
Serum concentrations of 11 PFAS homologues were measured in 75 White, Black and Chinese women with blood samples collected in 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2005-2006, and 2009-2011. Rates of changes in PFAS concentrations were calculated assuming a first-order elimination model. Associations between PFAS concentrations and race/ethnicity, menstruation and parity were evaluated with linear mixed models, adjusting for age, body mass index and study site.
RESULTS
Serum concentrations of linear-chain perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA), linear- and branched-chain perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS and sm-PFOS) decreased significantly (-6.0%, 95% CI: -8.3%, -3.6% per year for n-PFOA; -14.8%, 95% CI: -17.3%, -12.3% per year for n-PFOS; -16.9%, 95% CI: -19.1%, -14.6% per year for sm-PFOS); whereas perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) increased (16.0%, 95% CI: 10.6%, 21.6% per year). Detection rates of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) doubled. Temporal trends varied significantly by race/ethnicity. Chinese women tended to have consistently higher PFNA concentrations at each follow-up visit, compared with White and Black women. Serum PFHxS concentrations significantly decreased in White and Black women, but not in Chinese. Menstruating women consistently had lower concentrations. Parity was associated with lower concentrations at baseline but the differences between nulliparous and parous women became smaller over time.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest longitudinal declines in serum concentrations of legacy PFAS and increases in serum concentrations of emerging compounds from 1999 to 2011 in midlife women. Temporal trends in PFAS concentrations are not uniform across race/ethnicity and parity groups.
背景
关于中年女性接触全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的纵向趋势，相关信息有限。此外，人们对不同种族/族裔和生殖特征（包括生育次数和绝经）的暴露模式差异知之甚少。
目的
我们旨在通过全美女性健康研究（Study of Women's Health Across the Nation）检查中年女性的血清 PFAS 浓度的时间变化。
方法
对 1999-2000 年、2002-2003 年、2005-2006 年和 2009-2011 年采集的 75 名白人、黑人及华裔女性的血液样本中 11 种 PFAS 同系物的血清浓度进行了测量。假设一级消除模型计算 PFAS 浓度的变化率。采用线性混合模型评估 PFAS 浓度与种族/族裔、月经和生育次数之间的关联，调整年龄、体重指数和研究地点。
结果
血清中线性链全氟辛酸 (n-PFOA)、线性和支链全氟辛烷磺酸 (n-PFOS 和 sm-PFOS) 的浓度显著下降（n-PFOA 每年降低 6.0%，95%CI：-8.3%，-3.6%；n-PFOS 每年降低 14.8%，95%CI：-17.3%，-12.3%；sm-PFOS 每年降低 16.9%，95%CI：-19.1%，-14.6%）；而全氟壬酸 (PFNA) 浓度则增加（每年增加 16.0%，95%CI：10.6%，21.6%）。全氟癸酸 (PFDeA) 和全氟十一烷酸 (PFUA) 的检出率翻了一番。不同种族/族裔之间的时间趋势差异显著。与白人和黑人女性相比，华裔女性在每次随访中 PFNA 浓度始终较高。PFHxS 浓度在白人和黑人女性中显著降低，但在华裔女性中没有。月经女性的浓度始终较低。生育次数与基线时的低浓度相关，但在一段时间后，初产妇和经产妇之间的差异变小。
结论
本研究结果表明，1999 年至 2011 年间，中年女性的血清中 PFAS 浓度呈纵向下降趋势，而新兴化合物的血清浓度呈上升趋势。不同种族/族裔和生育次数群体的 PFAS 浓度时间趋势并不一致。
Zotero 插件